Difference between revisions of "Sarcina"

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'''Sarcina''' organisms are seen in gastrointestinal tract.
[[Image:Gastritis with Sarcina - very high mag.jpg|thumb|right|Micrograph showing Sarcina. [[H&E stain]]. (WC/Librepath)]]
'''Sarcina''' organisms are occasionally seen in the gastrointestinal tract. They are reported in [[urine cytology|urine]].<ref name=pmid27737866>{{cite journal |authors=Bommannan K, Gaspar BL, Sachdeva MU |title=Pathogenic Sarcina in urine |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2016 |issue= |pages= |date=October 2016 |pmid=27737866 |pmc=5073697 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2016-216991 |url=}}</ref>


==General==
==General==
*Uncommon.
*Probably a commensal organism.<Ref name=pmid23599657/>
*Gram positive coccus.<ref name=pmid27737866/>
*Uncommonly seen.
*Associated with gastroparesis,<ref name=pmid23599657>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ratuapli | first1 = SK. | last2 = Lam-Himlin | first2 = DM. | last3 = Heigh | first3 = RI. | title = Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach: a case report. | journal = World J Gastroenterol | volume = 19 | issue = 14 | pages = 2282-5 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2282 | PMID = 23599657 }}</ref> as may be seen in [[diabetes mellitus]].
 
Described complications:<ref name=pmid23599657/>
*Gastric perforation.
*Emphysematous gastritis.
 
Notes:
*''Sarcina ventriculi'' = Gram-positive organism.<ref name=pmid23599657/>
 
==Gross==
Features:
*Erythema.
*+/-Gastric ulcer.
*+/-Retained food.


==Microscopic==
==Microscopic==
Features:<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lam-Himlin | first1 = D. | last2 = Tsiatis | first2 = AC. | last3 = Montgomery | first3 = E. | last4 = Pai | first4 = RK. | last5 = Brown | first5 = JA. | last6 = Razavi | first6 = M. | last7 = Lamps | first7 = L. | last8 = Eshleman | first8 = JR. | last9 = Bhagavan | first9 = B. | title = Sarcina organisms in the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 35 | issue = 11 | pages = 1700-5 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31822911e6 | PMID = 21997690 }}</ref>
Features:<ref name=pmid21997690>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lam-Himlin | first1 = D. | last2 = Tsiatis | first2 = AC. | last3 = Montgomery | first3 = E. | last4 = Pai | first4 = RK. | last5 = Brown | first5 = JA. | last6 = Razavi | first6 = M. | last7 = Lamps | first7 = L. | last8 = Eshleman | first8 = JR. | last9 = Bhagavan | first9 = B. | title = Sarcina organisms in the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 35 | issue = 11 | pages = 1700-5 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31822911e6 | PMID = 21997690 }}</ref>
*Tetrad.
*Small essentially spherical micro-organisms.
**Each micro-organism 1.8-3 micrometres - purple on [[H&E stain]].
**Arranged in clusters of 4, 8 or more - classically in a tetrad - '''key feature'''.
 
DDx:
*Micrococcus - form larger clusters.<ref name=pmid21997690/>


===Images===
===Images===
====Case 1====
<gallery>
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - low mag.jpg | Sarcina - low mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - intermed mag.jpg | Sarcina - intermed. mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - a1 - intermed mag.jpg | Sarcina - intermed. mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - high mag.jpg | Sarcina - high mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - a1 - high mag.jpg | Sarcina - high mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - very high mag.jpg | Sarcina - very high mag.
Image: Gastritis with Sarcina - a1 - very high mag.jpg | Sarcina - very high mag.
</gallery>
====Case 2====
<gallery>
Image: Sarcina - urine -- intermed mag.jpg | Sarcina - urine cytology - intermed. mag.
Image: Sarcina - urine -- high mag.jpg | Sarcina - urine cytology - high mag.
Image: Sarcina - urine - alt -- high mag.jpg | Sarcina - urine cytology - high mag.
Image: Sarcina - urine -- very high mag.jpg | Sarcina - urine cytology - very high mag.
Image: Sarcina - urine -- extremely high mag.jpg | Sarcina - urine cytology - extremely high mag.
</gallery>
====www====
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193598/figure/F2/ Sarcina (nih.gov)].
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193598/figure/F2/ Sarcina (nih.gov)].
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3627895/figure/F2/ Sarcina (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid23599657/>
==Sign out==
===Urine cytology===
<pre>
Abundant micro-organisms compatible with Sarcina, see comment.
Acute inflammation.
NEGATIVE for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma.
Comment:
The micro-organisms are arranged in distinctive tetrads, as is typical for Sarcina.
This is an uncommon finding.[1] Treatment should be considered within the clinical context.
1. Bommannan K, Gaspar BL, Sachdeva MUS. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Oct 13;2016:bcr2016216991. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073697/pdf/bcr-2016-216991.pdf
</pre>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Gastrointestinal pathology]].
*[[Gastrointestinal pathology]].
*[[Sodium polystyrene sulfonate]].


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]]
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]]
[[Category:Microorganisms]]

Latest revision as of 23:36, 3 November 2024

Micrograph showing Sarcina. H&E stain. (WC/Librepath)

Sarcina organisms are occasionally seen in the gastrointestinal tract. They are reported in urine.[1]

General

  • Probably a commensal organism.[2]
  • Gram positive coccus.[1]
  • Uncommonly seen.
  • Associated with gastroparesis,[2] as may be seen in diabetes mellitus.

Described complications:[2]

  • Gastric perforation.
  • Emphysematous gastritis.

Notes:

  • Sarcina ventriculi = Gram-positive organism.[2]

Gross

Features:

  • Erythema.
  • +/-Gastric ulcer.
  • +/-Retained food.

Microscopic

Features:[3]

  • Small essentially spherical micro-organisms.
    • Each micro-organism 1.8-3 micrometres - purple on H&E stain.
    • Arranged in clusters of 4, 8 or more - classically in a tetrad - key feature.

DDx:

  • Micrococcus - form larger clusters.[3]

Images

Case 1

  • Sarcina - low mag.

  • Sarcina - intermed. mag.

  • Sarcina - intermed. mag.

  • Sarcina - high mag.

  • Sarcina - high mag.

  • Sarcina - very high mag.

  • Sarcina - very high mag.

Case 2

  • Sarcina - urine cytology - intermed. mag.

  • Sarcina - urine cytology - high mag.

  • Sarcina - urine cytology - high mag.

  • Sarcina - urine cytology - very high mag.

  • Sarcina - urine cytology - extremely high mag.

www

Sign out

Urine cytology

Abundant micro-organisms compatible with Sarcina, see comment.
Acute inflammation.
NEGATIVE for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma.

Comment:
The micro-organisms are arranged in distinctive tetrads, as is typical for Sarcina.
This is an uncommon finding.[1] Treatment should be considered within the clinical context.

1. Bommannan K, Gaspar BL, Sachdeva MUS. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Oct 13;2016:bcr2016216991. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216991
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073697/pdf/bcr-2016-216991.pdf

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bommannan K, Gaspar BL, Sachdeva MU (October 2016). "Pathogenic Sarcina in urine". BMJ Case Rep 2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216991. PMC 5073697. PMID 27737866. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5073697/.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Ratuapli, SK.; Lam-Himlin, DM.; Heigh, RI. (2013). "Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach: a case report.". World J Gastroenterol 19 (14): 2282-5. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2282. PMID 23599657.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lam-Himlin, D.; Tsiatis, AC.; Montgomery, E.; Pai, RK.; Brown, JA.; Razavi, M.; Lamps, L.; Eshleman, JR. et al. (Nov 2011). "Sarcina organisms in the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic and molecular study.". Am J Surg Pathol 35 (11): 1700-5. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31822911e6. PMID 21997690.
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