Difference between revisions of "Apoptosis"

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[[Image:Ballooning degeneration high mag cropped.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Apoptosis ([[ballooning degeneration]]) in the [[liver]]. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]]
'''Apoptosis''' is programmed/controlled cell death.  It can be physiologic, i.e. normal, or pathologic.   
'''Apoptosis''' is programmed/controlled cell death.  It can be physiologic, i.e. normal, or pathologic.   


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*Embryogenesis.
*Embryogenesis.
*Endometrium - during mentruation.<ref name=pmid8923873>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kokawa | first1 = K. | last2 = Shikone | first2 = T. | last3 = Nakano | first3 = R. | title = Apoptosis in the human uterine endometrium during the menstrual cycle. | journal = J Clin Endocrinol Metab | volume = 81 | issue = 11 | pages = 4144-7 | month = Nov | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8923873 }}</ref>
*Endometrium - during mentruation.<ref name=pmid8923873>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kokawa | first1 = K. | last2 = Shikone | first2 = T. | last3 = Nakano | first3 = R. | title = Apoptosis in the human uterine endometrium during the menstrual cycle. | journal = J Clin Endocrinol Metab | volume = 81 | issue = 11 | pages = 4144-7 | month = Nov | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8923873 }}</ref>
==Pathologic==
*[[Ulcerative colitis]] - apoptosis increased.<ref name=pmid19958058>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Seidelin | first1 = JB. | last2 = Nielsen | first2 = OH. | title = Epithelial apoptosis: cause or consequence of ulcerative colitis? | journal = Scand J Gastroenterol | volume = 44 | issue = 12 | pages = 1429-34 | month =  | year = 2009 | doi = 10.3109/00365520903301212 | PMID = 19958058 }}</ref>


==Microscopic==
==Microscopic==

Latest revision as of 23:06, 3 January 2016

Apoptosis (ballooning degeneration) in the liver. H&E stain. (WC)

Apoptosis is programmed/controlled cell death. It can be physiologic, i.e. normal, or pathologic.

Physiologic apoptosis

Examples:[1]

  • Removal of self reactive lymhocytes.
  • Death of cells at the end of their life:
    • Neurophils.
    • Enterocytes.
  • Embryogenesis.
  • Endometrium - during mentruation.[2]

Pathologic

Microscopic

Features:[4]

  • Apoptotic bodies (membrane bound cell fragments) - key feature.
  • Cell shrinkage.
  • Cytoplasm usu. eosinophilic (pink).
  • Lack of inflammation, i.e. neutrophils.

See also

References

  1. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 13. ISBN 978-1416054542.
  2. Kokawa, K.; Shikone, T.; Nakano, R. (Nov 1996). "Apoptosis in the human uterine endometrium during the menstrual cycle.". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 (11): 4144-7. PMID 8923873.
  3. Seidelin, JB.; Nielsen, OH. (2009). "Epithelial apoptosis: cause or consequence of ulcerative colitis?". Scand J Gastroenterol 44 (12): 1429-34. doi:10.3109/00365520903301212. PMID 19958058.
  4. Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 4. ISBN 978-1416054542.