49,006
edits
Difference between revisions of "Endometrial carcinoma"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
(→Serous carcinoma of the endometrium: split out) |
|||
| (11 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[Image:Endometrial_adenocarcinoma_gross.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Gross image of endometrial adenocarcinoma.]] | |||
'''Endometrial carcinoma''', also '''endometrial adenocarcinoma''', is a common gynecologic malingnancy<ref name=pmid19072487>{{cite journal |author=Fowler W, Mutch D |title=Management of endometrial cancer |journal=Womens Health (Lond Engl) |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=479–89 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=19072487 |doi=10.2217/17455057.4.5.479 |url=}}</ref> that often arises from [[endometrial hyperplasia]]. The incidence of endometrial carcinoma is increasing, as the proportion of [[obese]] individuals is increasing. | '''Endometrial carcinoma''', also '''endometrial adenocarcinoma''', is a common gynecologic malingnancy<ref name=pmid19072487>{{cite journal |author=Fowler W, Mutch D |title=Management of endometrial cancer |journal=Womens Health (Lond Engl) |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=479–89 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=19072487 |doi=10.2217/17455057.4.5.479 |url=}}</ref> that often arises from [[endometrial hyperplasia]]. The incidence of endometrial carcinoma is increasing, as the proportion of [[obese]] individuals is increasing. | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
*Diabetes. | *Diabetes. | ||
*Nulliparity. | *Nulliparity. | ||
*Unopposed estrogen (polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), anovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)). | *Unopposed estrogen ([[polycystic ovarian syndrome]] (PCOS), anovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT)). | ||
*Tamoxifen use. | *[[Tamoxifen]] use. | ||
**Used for breast cancer; the risk is quite small<ref name=pmid19505894>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = K. | title = Is tamoxifen a genotoxic carcinogen in women? | journal = Mutagenesis | volume = 24 | issue = 5 | pages = 391-404 | month = Sep | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1093/mutage/gep022 | PMID = 19505894 }}</ref> or possibly negligent.<ref name=pmid19827879>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ashraf | first1 = M. | last2 = Biswas | first2 = J. | last3 = Majumdar | first3 = S. | last4 = Nayak | first4 = S. | last5 = Alam | first5 = N. | last6 = Mukherjee | first6 = KK. | last7 = Gupta | first7 = S. | title = Tamoxifen use in Indian women--adverse effects revisited. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 609-12 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 19827879 }}</ref> | **Used for breast cancer; the risk is quite small<ref name=pmid19505894>{{Cite journal | last1 = Brown | first1 = K. | title = Is tamoxifen a genotoxic carcinogen in women? | journal = Mutagenesis | volume = 24 | issue = 5 | pages = 391-404 | month = Sep | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1093/mutage/gep022 | PMID = 19505894 }}</ref> or possibly negligent.<ref name=pmid19827879>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ashraf | first1 = M. | last2 = Biswas | first2 = J. | last3 = Majumdar | first3 = S. | last4 = Nayak | first4 = S. | last5 = Alam | first5 = N. | last6 = Mukherjee | first6 = KK. | last7 = Gupta | first7 = S. | title = Tamoxifen use in Indian women--adverse effects revisited. | journal = Asian Pac J Cancer Prev | volume = 10 | issue = 4 | pages = 609-12 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 19827879 }}</ref> | ||
| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Genetic <br>abnormalities | |Genetic <br>abnormalities | ||
| microsatellite instability, PTEN & KRAS | | microsatellite instability, PTEN & [[KRAS mutation]]s | ||
| p53 mutations | | p53 mutations | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 75: | Line 76: | ||
*Officially only sanctioned for ''[[endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]]''. | *Officially only sanctioned for ''[[endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]]''. | ||
**May be used for [[mucinous endometrial carcinoma]]. | **May be used for [[mucinous endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Papillary serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinomas are ''not'' assigned a grade | **Papillary serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinomas are ''not'' assigned a grade; however, can be thought of as grade 3 by definition. | ||
==Staging== | ==Staging== | ||
| Line 136: | Line 137: | ||
*Clear cells - with moderate nuclear pleomorphism - '''key feature'''. | *Clear cells - with moderate nuclear pleomorphism - '''key feature'''. | ||
**Classically clear cells... but not always. | **Classically clear cells... but not always. | ||
*Hobnail pattern -- apical cytoplasm > cytoplasm on basement membrane. | *[[Hobnail pattern]] -- apical cytoplasm > cytoplasm on basement membrane. | ||
*Usually tubular/cystic, may be solid or papillary. | *Usually tubular/cystic, may be solid or papillary. | ||
**Papillae may be pseudopapillae -- with edema instead of vessels. | **Papillae may be pseudopapillae -- with edema instead of vessels. | ||
| Line 171: | Line 172: | ||
*CAM5.2 +ve. | *CAM5.2 +ve. | ||
*CK34betaE12 +ve. | *CK34betaE12 +ve. | ||
*WT1 -ve.<ref name=pmid15084838>{{Cite journal | last1 = Acs | first1 = G. | last2 = Pasha | first2 = T. | last3 = Zhang | first3 = PJ. | title = WT1 is differentially expressed in serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinomas of the peritoneum, fallopian tube, ovary, and endometrium. | journal = Int J Gynecol Pathol | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 110-8 | month = Apr | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 15084838 }}</ref> | |||
**Often +ve/-ve in serous carcinoma of the endometrium. | |||
*CK7 +ve.<ref name=pmid11444201>{{Cite journal | last1 = Vang | first1 = R. | last2 = Whitaker | first2 = BP. | last3 = Farhood | first3 = AI. | last4 = Silva | first4 = EG. | last5 = Ro | first5 = JY. | last6 = Deavers | first6 = MT. | title = Immunohistochemical analysis of clear cell carcinoma of the gynecologic tract. | journal = Int J Gynecol Pathol | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 252-9 | month = Jul | year = 2001 | doi = | PMID = 11444201 }}</ref> | |||
*CK20 -ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | |||
*Vimentin +ve.<ref name=pmid11444201/> | |||
*Napsin A +ve.<ref name=pmid25971546>{{Cite journal | last1 = Iwamoto | first1 = M. | last2 = Nakatani | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fugo | first3 = K. | last4 = Kishimoto | first4 = T. | last5 = Kiyokawa | first5 = T. | title = Napsin A is frequently expressed in clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and endometrium. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 46 | issue = 7 | pages = 957-62 | month = Jul | year = 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.03.008 | PMID = 25971546 }}</ref> | |||
Note: | Note: | ||
| Line 183: | Line 190: | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
=External links= | |||
*[http://www.cancer.org/cancer/endometrialcancer/detailedguide/endometrial-uterine-cancer-staging Endometrial cancer staging (cancer.org)]. | |||
[[Category:Gynecologic pathology]] | [[Category:Gynecologic pathology]] | ||