Difference between revisions of "Neurofibroma"

From Libre Pathology
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(+cat.)
m (→‎Alternate: fix typo)
 
(15 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
#redirect [[Peripheral_nerve_sheath_tumours#Neurofibroma]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Neurofibroma_(3).jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Neurofibroma. [[H&E stain]].
| Micro      = spindle cells with wavy nuclei without pleomorphism, +/-arranged in fascicles and intermixed with (wire-like) collagen ("shredded carrots"), moderately increased cellularity, poorly ''or'' well-circumscribed, +/-plexiform growth pattern ("bag of worms"), +/-mast cells (useful)
| Subtypes  = [[plexiform neurofibroma]]
| LMDDx      = [[schwannoma]], [[dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]], [[ganglioneuroma]], neurotized [[melanocytic nevus]], [[MPNST]]
| Stains    = S-100 +ve, CD34 +ve, EMA +ve/-ve, NF +ve/-ve
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      = "bag of worms" appearance (plexiform neurofibroma)
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[soft tissue lesions|soft tissue]] - [[peripheral nerve sheath tumours]]
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  = [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  = [[painful skin lesion]]
| Prevalence = not common
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = benign
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    =
}}
'''Neurofibroma''' is an uncommon [[skin]] lesion in the [[peripheral nerve sheath tumour]] grouping. This article also includes '''plexiform neurofibroma'''.


==General==
*May be a part of [[neurofibromatosis]] 1 (NF1).
*A [[painful skin lesion]].
*Composed of Schwann cells, axons, fibrous material.<ref name=pmid17893219>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wippold | first1 = FJ. | last2 = Lubner | first2 = M. | last3 = Perrin | first3 = RJ. | last4 = Lämmle | first4 = M. | last5 = Perry | first5 = A. | title = Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: Antoni A and Antoni B tissue patterns. | journal = AJNR Am J Neuroradiol | volume = 28 | issue = 9 | pages = 1633-8 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.3174/ajnr.A0682 | PMID = 17893219 }}</ref>
Classification:<ref name=pmid15486243>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkinson | first1 = LM. | last2 = Manson | first2 = D. | last3 = Smith | first3 = CR. | title = Best cases from the AFIP: plexiform neurofibroma of the bladder. | journal = Radiographics | volume = 24 Suppl 1 | issue =  | pages = S237-42 | month = Oct | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1148/rg.24si035170 | PMID = 15486243 }}</ref>
#Localized - sporadic.
#Diffuse - usually poorly defined, young adults and children; sporadic.
#Plexiform - associated with NF1.
==Gross/radiologic==
Gross features (plexiform NF):<ref name=pmid15486243>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wilkinson | first1 = LM. | last2 = Manson | first2 = D. | last3 = Smith | first3 = CR. | title = Best cases from the AFIP: plexiform neurofibroma of the bladder. | journal = Radiographics | volume = 24 Suppl 1 | issue =  | pages = S237-42 | month = Oct | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1148/rg.24si035170 | PMID = 15486243 }}</ref>
*"Bag of worms" appearance.
<gallery>
File:Neurofibroma_large_NF1.jpg |Large neurofibroma in a NF1 case (WC/jensflorian)
File:Neurofibroma -1.jpg | Neurofibroma (Calicut College)
File:Neurofibroma -2.jpg | Neurofibroma with typical whitish surface (Calicut College)
</gallery>
Radiologic:<ref name=pmid15486243/>
*Fusiform mass.
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Spindle cells with wavy nuclei without pleomorphism - '''key feature'''.
*Intermixed with wire-like collagen.
**Often no pattern is apparent.
**Often described as "shredded carrots".<ref name=pmid24216989>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Bernthal | first1 = NM. | last2 = Jones | first2 = KB. | last3 = Monument | first3 = MJ. | last4 = Liu | first4 = T. | last5 = Viskochil | first5 = D. | last6 = Randall | first6 = RL. | title = Lost in translation: ambiguity in nerve sheath tumor nomenclature and its resultant treatment effect. | journal = Cancers (Basel) | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 519-28 | month =  | year = 2013 | doi = 10.3390/cancers5020519 | PMID = 24216989 }}</ref>
*Moderate increase of cellularity vis-a-vis normal dermis.
*May be poorly or well-circumscribed.
*+/-Plexiform growth pattern - "bag of worms".<ref name=pmid17893219/>
**Multiple well-circumscribed nests.
*Mast cells<ref name=pmid20233971>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Staser | first1 = K. | last2 = Yang | first2 = FC. | last3 = Clapp | first3 = DW. | title = Mast cells and the neurofibroma microenvironment. | journal = Blood | volume = 116 | issue = 2 | pages = 157-64 | month = Jul | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2009-09-242875 | PMID = 20233971 }}</ref> - one has to look for them at high power.
**Very useful for confirming the low power suspicion.
DDx:
*[[Plexiform neurofibroma]].
*[[Schwannoma]] - calretinin +ve, CD34 mostly -ve.<ref>URL: [http://www.ihcworld.com/_newsletter/2004/2004-10_NF_vs_schwannoma_v1.pdf http://www.ihcworld.com/_newsletter/2004/2004-10_NF_vs_schwannoma_v1.pdf]. Accessed on: 25 November 2013.</ref>
*[[Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]] (DFSP) - S-100 -ve.
*[[Ganglioneuroma]].
*Neurotized [[melanocytic nevus]] -  melanocyte nests make the diagnosis, otherwise immunostains are needed to differentiate.<ref name=pmid693815>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Gray | first1 = MH. | last2 = Smoller | first2 = BR. | last3 = McNutt | first3 = NS. | last4 = Hsu | first4 = A. | title = Neurofibromas and neurotized melanocytic nevi are immunohistochemically distinct neoplasms. | journal = Am J Dermatopathol | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 234-41 | month = Jun | year = 1990 | doi =  | PMID = 1693815 }}</ref>
**Usually have more [[mast cell]]s than neurofibromas.<ref name=pmid8432898>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Carr | first1 = NJ. | last2 = Warren | first2 = AY. | title = Mast cell numbers in melanocytic naevi and cutaneous neurofibromas. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 86-7 | month = Jan | year = 1993 | doi =  | PMID = 8432898 }}</ref>
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:Neurofibroma_(1).jpg | Neurofibroma - low mag. (WC)
Image:Neurofibroma_(2).jpg | Neurofibroma - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Neurofibroma_(3).jpg | Neurofibroma - high mag. (WC)
File:Neurofibroma_-3.jpg | Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)
File:Plexiform_neurofibroma.jpg | Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)
File:Plexiform_neurofibroma_-1.jpg | Plexiform Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/24/suppl_1/S237/F9.expansion.html Plexiform neurofibroma (rsna.org)].
*[http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/24/suppl_1/S237/F10.expansion.html Plexiform neurofibroma (rsna.org)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case304/micro.html Plexiform neurofibroma - several images (upmc.edu)].
*[http://eyewiki.aao.org/File:Orbital_Neurofibroma_-_S100.JPG Neurofibroma - S-100 (eyewiki.aao.org)].
==IHC==
Features:<ref name=pmid12692193>{{cite journal |author=Hirose T, Tani T, Shimada T, Ishizawa K, Shimada S, Sano T |title=Immunohistochemical demonstration of EMA/Glut1-positive perineurial cells and CD34-positive fibroblastic cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=293–8 |year=2003 |month=April |pmid=12692193 |doi=10.1097/01.MP.0000062654.83617.B7 |url=http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v16/n4/full/3880761a.html }}</ref>
*S100 +ve -- wavy pattern.<ref name=pmid22742554>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Chen | first1 = Y. | last2 = Klonowski | first2 = PW. | last3 = Lind | first3 = AC. | last4 = Lu | first4 = D. | title = Differentiating neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas using Melan-A (MART-1) immunohistochemical stain. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 136 | issue = 7 | pages = 810-5 | month = Jul | year = 2012 | doi = 10.5858/arpa.2011-0335-OA | PMID = 22742554 }}
</ref>
*CD34 +ve.
*Glut1 +ve.
*EMA +ve/-ve.
*NF +ve/-ve.<ref name=pmid22742554/>
*MART-1 -ve.<ref name=pmid22742554/>
**Positive in neurotized melanocytic nevi.
==Sign out==
<pre>
FOURTH TOE, LEFT, EXCISION:
- NEUROFIBROMA.
</pre>
===Micro===
The sections show skin with a lesion composed of irregular-shaped groups of bland dermal spindle cells with wavy nuclei and pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mast cells are seen scattered throughout the lesion. Thick collagen separates the clusters of the spindle
cells. There is no nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not appreciated. No melanocytic nests are identified.
The overlying epidermis matures to the surface.
====Alternate====
The sections show skin with an unencapsulated dermal spindle cell lesion with wavy nuclei that have a likeness to shredded carrots. Occasional mast cells are present within the lesion. There is no nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not appreciated. No melanocytic nests are identified.
==See also==
*[[Peripheral nerve sheath tumours]].
*[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Peripheral nerve sheath tumours]]
[[Category:Neuropathology tumours]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]

Latest revision as of 17:19, 21 January 2022

Neurofibroma
Diagnosis in short

Neurofibroma. H&E stain.
LM spindle cells with wavy nuclei without pleomorphism, +/-arranged in fascicles and intermixed with (wire-like) collagen ("shredded carrots"), moderately increased cellularity, poorly or well-circumscribed, +/-plexiform growth pattern ("bag of worms"), +/-mast cells (useful)
Subtypes plexiform neurofibroma
LM DDx schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, ganglioneuroma, neurotized melanocytic nevus, MPNST
Stains S-100 +ve, CD34 +ve, EMA +ve/-ve, NF +ve/-ve
Gross "bag of worms" appearance (plexiform neurofibroma)
Site soft tissue - peripheral nerve sheath tumours
Syndromes neurofibromatosis type 1
Symptoms painful skin lesion
Prevalence not common
Prognosis benign

Neurofibroma is an uncommon skin lesion in the peripheral nerve sheath tumour grouping. This article also includes plexiform neurofibroma.

General

Classification:[2]

  1. Localized - sporadic.
  2. Diffuse - usually poorly defined, young adults and children; sporadic.
  3. Plexiform - associated with NF1.

Gross/radiologic

Gross features (plexiform NF):[2]

  • "Bag of worms" appearance.

  • Large neurofibroma in a NF1 case (WC/jensflorian)

  • Neurofibroma (Calicut College)

  • Neurofibroma with typical whitish surface (Calicut College)

Radiologic:[2]

  • Fusiform mass.

Microscopic

Features:

  • Spindle cells with wavy nuclei without pleomorphism - key feature.
  • Intermixed with wire-like collagen.
    • Often no pattern is apparent.
    • Often described as "shredded carrots".[3]
  • Moderate increase of cellularity vis-a-vis normal dermis.
  • May be poorly or well-circumscribed.
  • +/-Plexiform growth pattern - "bag of worms".[1]
    • Multiple well-circumscribed nests.
  • Mast cells[4] - one has to look for them at high power.
    • Very useful for confirming the low power suspicion.

DDx:

Images

  • Neurofibroma - low mag. (WC)

  • Neurofibroma - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • Neurofibroma - high mag. (WC)

  • Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)

  • Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)

  • Plexiform Neurofibroma (WC/Netha Hussain)

www:

IHC

Features:[8]

  • S100 +ve -- wavy pattern.[9]
  • CD34 +ve.
  • Glut1 +ve.
  • EMA +ve/-ve.
  • NF +ve/-ve.[9]
  • MART-1 -ve.[9]
    • Positive in neurotized melanocytic nevi.

Sign out

FOURTH TOE, LEFT, EXCISION:
- NEUROFIBROMA.

Micro

The sections show skin with a lesion composed of irregular-shaped groups of bland dermal spindle cells with wavy nuclei and pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mast cells are seen scattered throughout the lesion. Thick collagen separates the clusters of the spindle cells. There is no nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not appreciated. No melanocytic nests are identified.

The overlying epidermis matures to the surface.

Alternate

The sections show skin with an unencapsulated dermal spindle cell lesion with wavy nuclei that have a likeness to shredded carrots. Occasional mast cells are present within the lesion. There is no nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not appreciated. No melanocytic nests are identified.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wippold, FJ.; Lubner, M.; Perrin, RJ.; Lämmle, M.; Perry, A. (Oct 2007). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: Antoni A and Antoni B tissue patterns.". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 (9): 1633-8. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0682. PMID 17893219.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Wilkinson, LM.; Manson, D.; Smith, CR. (Oct 2004). "Best cases from the AFIP: plexiform neurofibroma of the bladder.". Radiographics 24 Suppl 1: S237-42. doi:10.1148/rg.24si035170. PMID 15486243.
  3. ↑ Bernthal, NM.; Jones, KB.; Monument, MJ.; Liu, T.; Viskochil, D.; Randall, RL. (2013). "Lost in translation: ambiguity in nerve sheath tumor nomenclature and its resultant treatment effect.". Cancers (Basel) 5 (2): 519-28. doi:10.3390/cancers5020519. PMID 24216989.
  4. ↑ Staser, K.; Yang, FC.; Clapp, DW. (Jul 2010). "Mast cells and the neurofibroma microenvironment.". Blood 116 (2): 157-64. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-09-242875. PMID 20233971.
  5. ↑ URL: http://www.ihcworld.com/_newsletter/2004/2004-10_NF_vs_schwannoma_v1.pdf. Accessed on: 25 November 2013.
  6. ↑ Gray, MH.; Smoller, BR.; McNutt, NS.; Hsu, A. (Jun 1990). "Neurofibromas and neurotized melanocytic nevi are immunohistochemically distinct neoplasms.". Am J Dermatopathol 12 (3): 234-41. PMID 1693815.
  7. ↑ Carr, NJ.; Warren, AY. (Jan 1993). "Mast cell numbers in melanocytic naevi and cutaneous neurofibromas.". J Clin Pathol 46 (1): 86-7. PMID 8432898.
  8. ↑ Hirose T, Tani T, Shimada T, Ishizawa K, Shimada S, Sano T (April 2003). "Immunohistochemical demonstration of EMA/Glut1-positive perineurial cells and CD34-positive fibroblastic cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors". Mod. Pathol. 16 (4): 293–8. doi:10.1097/01.MP.0000062654.83617.B7. PMID 12692193. http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v16/n4/full/3880761a.html.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Chen, Y.; Klonowski, PW.; Lind, AC.; Lu, D. (Jul 2012). "Differentiating neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas using Melan-A (MART-1) immunohistochemical stain.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 136 (7): 810-5. doi:10.5858/arpa.2011-0335-OA. PMID 22742554.
Retrieved from "https://librepathology.org/w/index.php?title=Neurofibroma&oldid=51815"