Difference between revisions of "Breast grossing"

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This article deals with '''partial mastectomy grossing'''.
[[Image:BreastCancer.jpg|thumb|A breast mastectomy. (WC/Emmanuelm)]]
[[Image:Inked Lumpectomy Specimen (6464023675).jpg|thumb|An [[ink]]ed breast lumpectomy specimen. (WC/Ed Uthman)]]
This article deals with '''breast grossing'''.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
A common procedure for small breast lesions.
*Lumpectomy = a common procedure for breast lesions that are small, typically have no skin.
*Mastectomy = removal of the breast, may include skeletal muscle (not common) or be skin sparing.<ref name=pmid27563563>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Yu | first1 = P. | title = Breast reconstruction at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. | journal = Gland Surg | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 416-21 | month = Aug | year = 2016 | doi = 10.21037/gs.2016.05.03 | PMID = 27563563 }}</ref>


<!--
==Specimen opening==
==Specimen opening==
-->
*Orientation:
**Lumpectomies are usually oriented with a short and long suture as per the surgeon; '''s'''hort is typically '''s'''uperior (aspect) and '''l'''ong is typically '''l'''ateral (aspect).
**Mastectomies typically have tissue extending toward the axilla known as the "tail".
**The deep aspect in larger specimens can often be identified by the (flat) fascial plane.
*Inking - colours usually as per an institutional standard - see ''Protocol notes'' section.
*Slicing - medial to lateral.
 
==Protocol==
==Protocol==
*Specimen type: partial mastectomy.
Identification:
*Specimen orientation: short-superior, long-lateral, double deep.  
*Specimen label: [description as per label].
*Specimen label and requisition: [match/do not match].
 
Specimen - type/size/characteristics:
*Specimen type: [total mastectomy/partial mastectomy].
*Specimen orientation: [short-superior, long-lateral, double deep].  
*Surgical guidewire: [present/absent].
*Surgical guidewire: [present/absent].
*Specimen size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): ___ x ___ x ___ cm.
*Specimen size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): [___ x ___ x ___] cm.
*Surface disruption/intactness: [intact/disrupted at (location) - defect measures ___ cm].
*Surface disruption/intactness: [intact/disrupted at (location) - defect measures ___ cm].
*Skin: [___ x ___ cm/absent].
*Skin: [___ x ___ cm/absent].
*Inking code: posterior-black, anterior-yellow, superior-blue, interior-red.
*Axilla: [___ x ___ x ___ cm, [mass lesion ___x___x___ cm/mass lesion absent]/axillary tissue absent].
*Nipple: [___ length cm x ___ diameter cm, [unremarkable appearance/retracted]/nipple absent].
*Skeletal muscle: [present, [unremarkable appearance/fibrotic/suspicious for tumour/involved by tumour]/skeletal muscle absent].
*Inking code: [posterior-black, anterior-yellow, superior-blue, interior-red].


Slices:
Slices:
*Slicing: [medial-to-lateral, parasagittal cuts].
*Slicing: [medial-to-lateral, parasagittal cuts].
*Number of slices: [number].
*Number of slices: [number].
*Slices sent of x-ray: [yes/no].
*Slices sent to x-ray: [yes/no].
*Calcifications: [present/not identified].
*Calcifications: [present/not identified].


Tumour:
Tumour:
*Tumour location in slices: [___ to ___].
*Tumour location in slices: [___ to ___].
*Tumour size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): ___ x ___ x ___ cm.
*Tumour size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): [___ x ___ x ___] cm.
*Closest margin and distance: [___ margin, ___ cm].
*Closest margin and distance: [___ margin, ___ cm].
*Distance to other margins: [anterior: [___ cm/not applicable], posterior: [___ cm/not applicable], superior [___ cm/not applicable], inferior [___ cm/not applicable], medial: [___ cm/not applicable], lateral: [___ cm/not applicable].
*Distance to other margins: [anterior: [___ cm/not applicable], posterior: [___ cm/not applicable], superior [___ cm/not applicable], inferior [___ cm/not applicable], medial: [___ cm/not applicable], lateral: [___ cm/not applicable].


Other:
*Uninvolved parenchyma - appearance: [fibrous/fatty].
*Uninvolved parenchyma - appearance: [fibrous/fatty].
*Other findings:
*Other findings: [none/description of other findings].


Sections:
*Margins - [[on edge margin|on edge]] if section can be taken with tumour and margin.
*Tumour - in total if small (<2 cm<ref name=pmid21745648>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Huo | first1 = L. | title = A practical approach to grossing breast specimens. | journal = Ann Diagn Pathol | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 291-301 | month = Aug | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2011.03.005 | PMID = 21745648 }}</ref>).
===Protocol notes===
===Protocol notes===
*‡ There is no universally accepted [[inking]] protocol. Blue for superior and green for inferior is common, as ''the sky is blue and the grass is green''.
**Hua<ref name=pmid21745648/> suggests: black = posterior, blue = superior, green = inferior, yellow = anterior, red = medial & lateral.
====Staging====
====Staging====
{{Main|Breast cancer staging}}
The important cut-points (at the time of gross) for tumour staging are: 5, 10, 20, 50 mm.
===Alternate approaches===
===Alternate approaches===
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Breast pathology]].
===Related protocols===
===Related protocols===
==References==
==References==
Line 40: Line 69:
==External links==
==External links==
[[Category:Gross pathology]]
[[Category:Gross pathology]]
[[Category:Breast pathology]]

Latest revision as of 03:05, 11 October 2016

A breast mastectomy. (WC/Emmanuelm)
An inked breast lumpectomy specimen. (WC/Ed Uthman)

This article deals with breast grossing.

Introduction

  • Lumpectomy = a common procedure for breast lesions that are small, typically have no skin.
  • Mastectomy = removal of the breast, may include skeletal muscle (not common) or be skin sparing.[1]

Specimen opening

  • Orientation:
    • Lumpectomies are usually oriented with a short and long suture as per the surgeon; short is typically superior (aspect) and long is typically lateral (aspect).
    • Mastectomies typically have tissue extending toward the axilla known as the "tail".
    • The deep aspect in larger specimens can often be identified by the (flat) fascial plane.
  • Inking - colours usually as per an institutional standard - see Protocol notes section.
  • Slicing - medial to lateral.

Protocol

Identification:

  • Specimen label: [description as per label].
  • Specimen label and requisition: [match/do not match].

Specimen - type/size/characteristics:

  • Specimen type: [total mastectomy/partial mastectomy].
  • Specimen orientation: [short-superior, long-lateral, double deep].
  • Surgical guidewire: [present/absent].
  • Specimen size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): [___ x ___ x ___] cm.
  • Surface disruption/intactness: [intact/disrupted at (location) - defect measures ___ cm].
  • Skin: [___ x ___ cm/absent].
  • Axilla: [___ x ___ x ___ cm, [mass lesion ___x___x___ cm/mass lesion absent]/axillary tissue absent].
  • Nipple: [___ length cm x ___ diameter cm, [unremarkable appearance/retracted]/nipple absent].
  • Skeletal muscle: [present, [unremarkable appearance/fibrotic/suspicious for tumour/involved by tumour]/skeletal muscle absent].
  • Inking code: [posterior-black, anterior-yellow, superior-blue, interior-red].‡

Slices:

  • Slicing: [medial-to-lateral, parasagittal cuts].
  • Number of slices: [number].
  • Slices sent to x-ray: [yes/no].
  • Calcifications: [present/not identified].

Tumour:

  • Tumour location in slices: [___ to ___].
  • Tumour size (superior-inferior, medial-lateral, anterior-posterior): [___ x ___ x ___] cm.
  • Closest margin and distance: [___ margin, ___ cm].
  • Distance to other margins: [anterior: [___ cm/not applicable], posterior: [___ cm/not applicable], superior [___ cm/not applicable], inferior [___ cm/not applicable], medial: [___ cm/not applicable], lateral: [___ cm/not applicable].

Other:

  • Uninvolved parenchyma - appearance: [fibrous/fatty].
  • Other findings: [none/description of other findings].

Sections:

  • Margins - on edge if section can be taken with tumour and margin.
  • Tumour - in total if small (<2 cm[2]).

Protocol notes

  • ‡ There is no universally accepted inking protocol. Blue for superior and green for inferior is common, as the sky is blue and the grass is green.
    • Hua[2] suggests: black = posterior, blue = superior, green = inferior, yellow = anterior, red = medial & lateral.

Staging

The important cut-points (at the time of gross) for tumour staging are: 5, 10, 20, 50 mm.

Alternate approaches

See also

Related protocols

References

  1. Yu, P. (Aug 2016). "Breast reconstruction at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.". Gland Surg 5 (4): 416-21. doi:10.21037/gs.2016.05.03. PMID 27563563.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Huo, L. (Aug 2011). "A practical approach to grossing breast specimens.". Ann Diagn Pathol 15 (4): 291-301. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2011.03.005. PMID 21745648.

External links