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*Usually of no interest. | *Usually of no interest. | ||
*May have cleft or foramen - as an anatomical variant.<ref name=pmid10803333>{{cite journal |author=Fokin AA |title=Cleft sternum and sternal foramen |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=261–76 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10803333 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *May have cleft or foramen - as an anatomical variant.<ref name=pmid10803333>{{cite journal |author=Fokin AA |title=Cleft sternum and sternal foramen |journal=Chest Surg. Clin. N. Am. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=261–76 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10803333 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Blood clots - ''pre- and post-mortem''=== | ===Blood clots - ''pre- and post-mortem''=== | ||
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==Spleen== | ===Retrieval of the (organ) "pluck"=== | ||
One piece (standard): | |||
*Cut diaphrgam @ chest wall. | |||
*Superior cut: through arch vessels. | |||
*Inferior cut: through the common iliac vessels. | |||
*Posterior: | |||
**Thorax: cut paravertebral. | |||
**Abdomen: blunt dissection for kidneys, then paravertebral. | |||
Two pieces (thorax & abdomen): | |||
*May be preferred in a "glued" (fibrosed/post-surgical) abdomen. | |||
*Procedure - similar to ''one piece'' but: | |||
**Cut aorta distal to the left subclavian + detach from thoracic pluck. | |||
**Cut esophagus distal to pharynx + detach from thoracic pluck. | |||
==Neck organ pluck== | |||
#Trim tissue posterior to horns of the thyroid. | |||
#Cut between thyroid horns & hyoid. | |||
#Cut off base of tongue. | |||
====Hyoid bone==== | |||
*Important in forensic pathology. | |||
*Fracture is seen in manual strangulation. | |||
*May appear fractured if triticeous cartilage (or triticeal cartilage) is present;<ref name=pmid15075682>{{cite journal |author=Di Nunno N, Lombardo S, Costantinides F, Di Nunno C |title=Anomalies and alterations of the hyoid-larynx complex in forensic radiographic studies |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=14–9 |year=2004 |month=March |pmid=15075682 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>URL: [http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Prof.Hamam/curses/Jurnals%20Club/225-Triticeous%20cartilage.pdf]. Accessed on: 10 September 2010.</ref> triticeous cartilage may be confused with a fragment of hyoid bone. | |||
**''Triticeous'' is pronounced ''tri-tish´us''.<ref>URL: [http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/triticeous]. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.</ref> | |||
==Abdominal organ pluck== | |||
===Spleen=== | |||
{{Main|Spleen}} | {{Main|Spleen}} | ||
===Sugar-coated spleen=== | ====Sugar-coated spleen==== | ||
*Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''. | *Properly referred to as ''hyaloserositis of the spleen''. | ||
*Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating. | *Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating. | ||
*Importance: ''none'' - benign. | *Importance: ''none'' - benign. | ||
==Liver== | ===Liver=== | ||
*Portal vein patency. | *Portal vein patency. | ||
==Kidney== | ===Kidney=== | ||
Size of the kidney - small kidneys are seen in chronic renal failure. | Size of the kidney - small kidneys are seen in chronic renal failure. | ||
===Nephrosclerosis=== | ====Nephrosclerosis==== | ||
*''Flea-bitten appearance'' - seen in hypertension.<ref name=pmid9356598>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ono | first1 = H. | last2 = Ono | first2 = Y. | title = Nephrosclerosis and hypertension. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1273-88 | month = Nov | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9356598 }} | *''Flea-bitten appearance'' - seen in hypertension.<ref name=pmid9356598>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ono | first1 = H. | last2 = Ono | first2 = Y. | title = Nephrosclerosis and hypertension. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 81 | issue = 6 | pages = 1273-88 | month = Nov | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9356598 }} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
===ATN=== | ====ATN==== | ||
*ATN is difficult to prove on autopsy material. | *ATN is difficult to prove on autopsy material. | ||
*Look for: | *Look for: |
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