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Difference between revisions of "Astrocytoma"
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→Glioblastoma: more
(→Glioblastoma: more) |
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*S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse. | *S-100 +ve -- cytoplasm, usu. diffuse. | ||
=Glioblastoma= | ==Glioblastoma== | ||
*Previously known as ''glioblastoma multiforme'' (abbreviated ''GBM''). | |||
===General=== | |||
*Median survival is measured in months.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Jubelirer | first1 = SJ. | title = A review of the treatment and survival rates of 138 patients with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = W V Med J | volume = 92 | issue = 4 | pages = 186-90 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 8772403 }}</ref> | |||
*Only about 5% can expect to survive more than three years.<ref name=pmid17785346>{{Cite journal | last1 = Krex | first1 = D. | last2 = Klink | first2 = B. | last3 = Hartmann | first3 = C. | last4 = von Deimling | first4 = A. | last5 = Pietsch | first5 = T. | last6 = Simon | first6 = M. | last7 = Sabel | first7 = M. | last8 = Steinbach | first8 = JP. | last9 = Heese | first9 = O. | title = Long-term survival with glioblastoma multiforme. | journal = Brain | volume = 130 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2596-606 | month = Oct | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1093/brain/awm204 | PMID = 17785346 }}</ref> | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Astrocytic tumour with: | |||
**Nuclear atypia. | |||
**Necrosis. | |||
**Endothelial proliferation (AKA microvascular proliferation). | |||
**+/-"Pseudopalisading necrosis" - tumour cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas. | |||
Images: | |||
*www: | |||
**[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/OPAQ/PathQuiz/PQ-Images/N0A002-1.gif Microvascular proliferation in a GBM (ouhsc.edu)]. | |||
*[[WC]]: | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_with_extreme_nuclear_enlargement_-_very_high_mag.jpg Extreme nuclear enlargement in a GBM - very high mag. (WC)]. | |||
**[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg GBM juxtaposed with near normal white matter - high mag. (WC)]. | |||
==Gliosarcoma== | ==Gliosarcoma== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Considered to be a variant of glioblastoma by WHO.<ref name=pmid19618114>{{cite journal |author=Han SJ, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT |title=Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity |journal=J. Neurooncol. |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=313–20 |year=2010 |month=February |pmid=19618114 |pmc=2808523 |doi=10.1007/s11060-009-9973-6 |url=}}</ref> | *Considered to be a variant of [[glioblastoma]] by WHO.<ref name=pmid19618114>{{cite journal |author=Han SJ, Yang I, Tihan T, Prados MD, Parsa AT |title=Primary gliosarcoma: key clinical and pathologic distinctions from glioblastoma with implications as a unique oncologic entity |journal=J. Neurooncol. |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=313–20 |year=2010 |month=February |pmid=19618114 |pmc=2808523 |doi=10.1007/s11060-009-9973-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Rare ~ 200 cases reported in the literature.<ref name=pmid19618114/> | *Rare ~ 200 cases reported in the literature.<ref name=pmid19618114/> | ||
*Definition: gliosarcoma = glioblastoma + sarcomatous component.<ref name=pmid20415184>{{cite journal |author=Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, ''et al.'' |title=[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases] |language=French |journal=Tunis Med |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=142–6 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20415184 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Definition: gliosarcoma = glioblastoma + sarcomatous component.<ref name=pmid20415184>{{cite journal |author=Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, ''et al.'' |title=[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases] |language=French |journal=Tunis Med |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=142–6 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20415184 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||