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Difference between revisions of "Gallbladder"
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*Glands in muscularis propria of the gallbladder wall. | *Glands in muscularis propria of the gallbladder wall. | ||
== | ==Gallbladder polyps== | ||
*Polyps | ===General=== | ||
*Polyps are significant as they may be adenomatous, i.e. pre-cancerous. | |||
*These are similar to [[intestinal polyps|polyps]] found elsewhere GI tract. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
:See ''[[intestinal polyps]]''. | |||
Flat dysplasia:<ref name=Ref_DCHH172>{{Ref DCHH|172}}</ref> | Flat dysplasia:<ref name=Ref_DCHH172>{{Ref DCHH|172}}</ref> | ||
*Nuclear changes. | *Nuclear changes. | ||
** | **Increased [[NC ratio]]. | ||
**Hyperchromasia (essential). | **Hyperchromasia (essential). | ||
**+/-Intestinal metaplasia --> goblet cells. | **+/-Intestinal metaplasia --> goblet cells. | ||
=Premalignant lesions | =Premalignant lesions= | ||
===General=== | |||
*Metaplasia associated with carcinoma.<ref name=pmid8364865>{{cite journal |author=Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, Harz C, Valdivieso V |title=Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples |journal=Cancer |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1878–84 |year=1993 |month=September |pmid=8364865 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Metaplasia associated with carcinoma.<ref name=pmid8364865>{{cite journal |author=Duarte I, Llanos O, Domke H, Harz C, Valdivieso V |title=Metaplasia and precursor lesions of gallbladder carcinoma. Frequency, distribution, and probability of detection in routine histologic samples |journal=Cancer |volume=72 |issue=6 |pages=1878–84 |year=1993 |month=September |pmid=8364865 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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*[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/1543-2165%282005%29129%3C386%3APPOGDA%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Gallbladder metaplasias (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid15737036>{{cite journal |author=Mukhopadhyay S, Landas SK |title=Putative precursors of gallbladder dysplasia: a review of 400 routinely resected specimens |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=386–90 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15737036 |doi= |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/1543-2165%282005%29129%3C386%3APPOGDA%3E2.0.CO%3B2 }}</ref> | *[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/1543-2165%282005%29129%3C386%3APPOGDA%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Gallbladder metaplasias (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid15737036>{{cite journal |author=Mukhopadhyay S, Landas SK |title=Putative precursors of gallbladder dysplasia: a review of 400 routinely resected specimens |journal=Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=386–90 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15737036 |doi= |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.1043/1543-2165%282005%29129%3C386%3APPOGDA%3E2.0.CO%3B2 }}</ref> | ||
== | ==Gallbladder dysplasia== | ||
===General=== | |||
*Premalignant lesion. | *Premalignant lesion. | ||
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*Like in the colon. | *Like in the colon. | ||
= | =Gallbladder carcinoma= | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
====Epidemiology==== | ====Epidemiology==== | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
*Calcification of gallbladder wall | *Calcification of gallbladder wall, [[AKA]] "porcelain gallbladder" -- '''not''' associated with carcinoma.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Towfigh S, McFadden DW, Cortina GR, ''et al'' |title=Porcelain gallbladder is not associated with gallbladder carcinoma |journal=Am Surg |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=7?0 |year=2001 |month=January |pmid=11206901 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]] is dealt with in the ''[[liver neoplasms]]'' article. | *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]] is dealt with in the ''[[liver neoplasms]]'' article. | ||
| Line 183: | Line 189: | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Usually adenocarcinoma. | *Usually adenocarcinoma. | ||
**Mimics appearance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-- but less cellular mucin.<ref name=Ref_DCHH174>{{Ref DCHH|174}}</ref> | **Mimics appearance of [[pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]-- but less cellular mucin.<ref name=Ref_DCHH174>{{Ref DCHH|174}}</ref> | ||
Notes: | Notes: | ||