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Difference between revisions of "Placenta"
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==Infection== | ==Infection== | ||
Types (by site):<ref>PBoD | Types (by site):<ref name=Ref_PBoD1106>{{Ref PBoD|1106}}</ref> | ||
*Fetal membranes: chorioamnionitis, membranitis.<ref>Sternberg P.2311</ref> | *Fetal membranes: chorioamnionitis, membranitis.<ref>Sternberg P.2311</ref> | ||
*Umbilical cord: funisitis. | *Umbilical cord: funisitis. | ||
*Placenta: placentitis, villitis. | *Placenta: placentitis, villitis. | ||
General<ref>PBoD | General:<ref name=Ref_PBoD1106>{{Ref PBoD|1106}}</ref> | ||
*Infection usually ascending, i.e. from vagina up through cervix. | *Infection usually ascending, i.e. from vagina up through cervix. | ||
**Assoc. with intercourse. | **Assoc. with intercourse. | ||
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*Associated with retroplacental hematoma. | *Associated with retroplacental hematoma. | ||
===Gross<ref>WMSP | ===Gross=== | ||
Features:<ref name=Ref_WMSP465>{{Ref WMSP|465}}</ref> | |||
*Early - red. | *Early - red. | ||
*Late - white/grey. | *Late - white/grey. | ||
===Microscopy=== | ===Microscopy=== | ||
*Loss of intervillous space.<ref>WMSP | Features: | ||
*Loss of intervillous space.<ref name=Ref_WMSP465>{{Ref WMSP|465}}</ref> | |||
**Villi appear to be crowded. | **Villi appear to be crowded. | ||
<ref>PBoD | <ref>{{Ref PBoD|1109}}</ref> | ||
*Prominent syncytial knots. | *Prominent syncytial knots. | ||
*Thickened trophoblastic basement membrance (below [[cytotrophoblast]]s). | *Thickened trophoblastic basement membrance (below [[cytotrophoblast]]s). | ||
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*Green/green discolourization. | *Green/green discolourization. | ||
===Microscopy<ref>ALS 6 Feb 2009</ref>=== | ===Microscopy<ref>ALS. 6 Feb 2009.</ref>=== | ||
*Macrophages with brown fine granular pigment. | *Macrophages with brown fine granular pigment. | ||
*Columnar morphology (normally cuboidal). | *Columnar morphology (normally cuboidal). | ||
*"Drop-out" of individual cell -- the loss of individual cells. | *"Drop-out" of individual cell -- the loss of individual cells. | ||
Level of staining and time:<ref>3 Apr | Level of staining and time:<ref>3 Apr 2009.</ref> | ||
*<1 h - no staining of membranes. | *<1 h - no staining of membranes. | ||
*1-3 h - amnion is stained. | *1-3 h - amnion is stained. | ||