Difference between revisions of "Colon"

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Colon (view source)

Revision as of 00:48, 18 June 2010

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→‎Colorectal Tumours
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==Colorectal Tumours==
==Colorectal Tumours==
===Epidemiology===
{{main|Colorectal tumours}}
Very common type of cancer.
These are very common. The are covered in a separate article entitled ''[[colorectal tumours]]''.
 
===Classification===
*Colon & rectum, most common --by far-- is [[adenocarcinoma]].<ref>PBoD P.864.</ref>
 
Other tumours - many (incomplete list):<ref>WMSP P.198.</ref>
*Mucinous carcinoma.
*Adenosquamous carcinoma.
*Signet-ring carcinoma.
*Squamous carcinoma.
*Neuroendocrine neoplasms (carcinoid tumours).
*Lipoma.
*Leiomyoma.
*[[GIST]].
*Angiosarcoma.
*Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma).
 
===Grading===
*"adenocarcinoma in situ" and "high-grade dysplasia" is used interchangeably by many in the colon and rectum.
**splitting hairs - ''adenocarcinoma in situ'' is ''invasion into the lamina propria'', high-grade dysplasia does not have lamina propria invasion. Ergo, the difference (in my opinion) amounts to seeing a [[desmoplastic stroma]] (adenocarcinoma) or not seeing one (dysplasia).
 
Grading of tumours:
*Tis - in situ (intramucosal),
*T1 - into submucosa (through mucularis mucosae),
**this is different than elsewhere,
*T2 - into muscularis propria,
*T3 - into fat beyond musclaris propria,
*T4 - into something else.
 
Nodes:
*N0 - no positive nodes,
*N1 - 1-3 positive nodes,
*N2 - 4+ positive nodes.
 
===Staging of colorectal cancer===
====Simple version====
Tumour/node grade for stage:<ref>TN 2006 GS27</ref>
*Stage I - '''T1 or T2''' N0 M0.
*Stage II - '''T3 or T4''' N0 M0.
*Stage III - Tx '''N1 or N2''' M0.
*Stage IV - Tx Nx '''M1'''.
 
====Complex version====
Detailed tumour/node grade for stage:<ref>[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_3X_How_is_colon_and_rectum_cancer_staged.asp http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_3X_How_is_colon_and_rectum_cancer_staged.asp]</ref>
*Stage I - T1 or T2.
*Stage IIA - T3.
*Stage IIB - T4.
*Stage IIIA - T1 N1 or T2 N1.
*Stage IIIB - T3 N1 or T4 N1.
*Stage IIIC - Tx N2.
*Stage IV - Tx Nx M1.


===Surgery===
===Surgery===
Michael
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