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Difference between revisions of "Gastrointestinal tract polyps"
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Gastrointestinal tract polyps (view source)
Revision as of 14:41, 13 August 2011
, 14:41, 13 August 2011→Common problems
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*This may be difficult to assess histomorphologically. | *This may be difficult to assess histomorphologically. | ||
====Poor outcome predictors==== | |||
Predictors of poor outcome with early submucosal invasion:<ref name=pmid15300569>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ueno | first1 = H. | last2 = Mochizuki | first2 = H. | last3 = Hashiguchi | first3 = Y. | last4 = Shimazaki | first4 = H. | last5 = Aida | first5 = S. | last6 = Hase | first6 = K. | last7 = Matsukuma | first7 = S. | last8 = Kanai | first8 = T. | last9 = Kurihara | first9 = H. | title = Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma. | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 127 | issue = 2 | pages = 385-94 | month = Aug | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 15300569 }}</ref> | Predictors of poor outcome with early submucosal invasion:<ref name=pmid15300569>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ueno | first1 = H. | last2 = Mochizuki | first2 = H. | last3 = Hashiguchi | first3 = Y. | last4 = Shimazaki | first4 = H. | last5 = Aida | first5 = S. | last6 = Hase | first6 = K. | last7 = Matsukuma | first7 = S. | last8 = Kanai | first8 = T. | last9 = Kurihara | first9 = H. | title = Risk factors for an adverse outcome in early invasive colorectal carcinoma. | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 127 | issue = 2 | pages = 385-94 | month = Aug | year = 2004 | doi = | PMID = 15300569 }}</ref> | ||
#Lymphovascular invasion. | #Lymphovascular invasion. | ||
#Tumour budding. | #High-grade tumour budding. | ||
#*Tumour bud = 1-4 cell(s); "high-grade budding" is >=10 tumour buds in a 250x field<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ueno | first1 = H. | last2 = Murphy | first2 = J. | last3 = Jass | first3 = JR. | last4 = Mochizuki | first4 = H. | last5 = Talbot | first5 = IC. | title = Tumour 'budding' as an index to estimate the potential of aggressiveness in rectal cancer. | journal = Histopathology | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 127-32 | month = Feb | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 11952856 }}</ref> - definition suffers from [[LPFitis]]. | |||
#Extensive submucosal invasion | #Extensive submucosal invasion | ||
#*>= 4 mm width ''or'' >= 2 mm. | #*>= 4 mm width ''or'' >= 2 mm. | ||
If none of the above factors is present the risk of [[lymph node]] metastasis is < 1%. The presence of one risk factor increases the risk to ~20%. | |||
===Adenomatous vs. hyperplastic=== | ===Adenomatous vs. hyperplastic=== | ||