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*Usually due to smoking. | *Usually due to smoking. | ||
*May be associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. | *May be associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. | ||
*Often lumped together with ''bronchitis'' and called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'' (COPD).<ref>{{Ref PCPBoD8|368}}</ref> | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== |
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