Difference between revisions of "Neuropathology"

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Neuropathology (view source)

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→‎Histopathology: re-arr, +red nuclei
(→‎Histopathology: re-arr, +red nuclei)
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==Histopathology==
==Histopathology==
===Neuronal changes===
===Neuronal changes===
*Central chromatolysis.<ref>URL: [http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter1/chapter1aNeurons.html http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter1/chapter1aNeurons.html]. Accessed on: 22 December 2010.</ref>
====Anoxic neurons====
**Central clearing.
*[[AKA]] ''red neurons''.
***Nucleus and Nissl substance are pushed to cell periphery.
 
**DDx: (traumatic) axonal injury,<ref name=pmid8909880>{{cite journal |author=Holland GR |title=Experimental trigeminal nerve injury |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=237–58 |year=1996 |pmid=8909880 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  vitamin deficiency ([[pellagra]]).<ref name=pmid15577526>{{cite journal |author=Piercecchi-Marti MD, Pélissier-Alicot AL, Leonetti G, Tervé JP, Cianfarani F, Pellissier JF |title=Pellagra: a rare disease observed in a victim of mental and physical abuse |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=342–4 |year=2004 |month=December |pmid=15577526 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Features:
*Intensely red cytoplasm.
*Pyknosis = nuclear shrinkage + darker staining.
 
Images:
*[http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter2/images2/2-1HIE.jpg Anoxic neurons (neuropathologyweb.org)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alzheimer_type_II_astrocyte_high_mag_cropped.jpg Anoxic neurons (WC)].
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/iacp-olp/APAQ-Images/N1-MS-01-16.gif Anoxic neurons (ouhsc.edu)].<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/iacp-olp/apaq-text/N1-MS-01-16-Ans.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/iacp-olp/apaq-text/N1-MS-01-16-Ans.htm] and [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/iacp-olp/apaq-text/n1-ms-01.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/iacp-olp/apaq-text/n1-ms-01.htm]. Accessed on: 31 October 2010.</ref>
 
====Central chromatolysis====
Features:<ref>URL: [http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter1/chapter1aNeurons.html http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter1/chapter1aNeurons.html]. Accessed on: 22 December 2010.</ref>
*Central clearing.
**Nucleus and Nissl substance are pushed to cell periphery.
 
DDx:  
*Axonal injury (traumatic).<ref name=pmid8909880>{{cite journal |author=Holland GR |title=Experimental trigeminal nerve injury |journal=Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=237–58 |year=1996 |pmid=8909880 |doi= |url=}}</ref>   
*Vitamin deficiency ([[pellagra]]).<ref name=pmid15577526>{{cite journal |author=Piercecchi-Marti MD, Pélissier-Alicot AL, Leonetti G, Tervé JP, Cianfarani F, Pellissier JF |title=Pellagra: a rare disease observed in a victim of mental and physical abuse |journal=Am J Forensic Med Pathol |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=342–4 |year=2004 |month=December |pmid=15577526 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


Images:
Images:
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_chromatolysis_-_intermed_mag_-_cropped.jpg Central chromatolysis - intermed. mag. (WC)].
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Central_chromatolysis_-_intermed_mag_-_cropped.jpg Central chromatolysis - intermed. mag. (WC)].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_chromatolysis_-_nf_-_very_high_mag.jpg Central chromatolysis - NF stain - very high mag. (WC)].
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_chromatolysis_-_nf_-_very_high_mag.jpg Central chromatolysis - NF stain - very high mag. (WC)].
====Axonal swellings====
H&E:
*Eosinophilic (light pink) - ground glass-like appearance.
*Shape:
**Round if sectioned perpendicular to axis of axon.
***Bound by cell membrane.
***Large ~ typically 2-4x RBC diameter.
**Sausage-shaped if cut in along axis.
Images:
*[http://frontalcortex.com/gallery/pics/gliageek_VWMDx200.jpg Axonal swelling (frontalcortex.com)].<ref>URL: [http://frontalcortex.com/?page=oll&topic=24&qid=602 http://frontalcortex.com/?page=oll&topic=24&qid=602]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>
*[http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter3/images3/3-pvlaxonsweling.jpg Axonal swelling (neuropathologyweb.org)].
=====IHC=====
*APP.
Image:
*[http://vet.sagepub.com/content/37/6/677/F7.expansion.html Axonal swelling - APP (sagepub.com)].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Finnie JW, Manavis J, Blumbergs PC, Kuchel TR |title=Axonal and neuronal amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the brains of guinea pigs given tunicamycin |journal=Vet. Pathol. |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=677–80 |year=2000 |month=November |pmid=11105962 |doi= |url=http://vet.sagepub.com/content/37/6/677.full}}</ref>


===Glial changes===
===Glial changes===
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Note:  
Note:  
*Good set of articles: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=PubMed&details_term=Neuropathology%20for%20the%20neuroradiologist Neuropathology for radiologists (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)].
*Good set of articles: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=PureSearch&db=PubMed&details_term=Neuropathology%20for%20the%20neuroradiologist Neuropathology for radiologists (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)].
===Axonal swellings===
H&E:
*Eosinophilic (light pink) - ground glass-like appearance.
*Shape:
**Round if sectioned perpendicular to axis of axon.
***Bound by cell membrane.
***Large ~ typically 2-4x RBC diameter.
**Sausage-shaped if cut in along axis.
Images:
*[http://frontalcortex.com/gallery/pics/gliageek_VWMDx200.jpg Axonal swelling (frontalcortex.com)].<ref>URL: [http://frontalcortex.com/?page=oll&topic=24&qid=602 http://frontalcortex.com/?page=oll&topic=24&qid=602]. Accessed on: 3 November 2010.</ref>
*[http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter3/images3/3-pvlaxonsweling.jpg Axonal swelling (neuropathologyweb.org)].
====IHC====
*APP.
Image:
*[http://vet.sagepub.com/content/37/6/677/F7.expansion.html Axonal swelling - APP (sagepub.com)].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Finnie JW, Manavis J, Blumbergs PC, Kuchel TR |title=Axonal and neuronal amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in the brains of guinea pigs given tunicamycin |journal=Vet. Pathol. |volume=37 |issue=6 |pages=677–80 |year=2000 |month=November |pmid=11105962 |doi= |url=http://vet.sagepub.com/content/37/6/677.full}}</ref>


===Inclusion bodies===
===Inclusion bodies===
Michael
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