Difference between revisions of "Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder"

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'''Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder''' is a rare benign change of the [[urinary bladder]] associated with an increased risk of [[malignancy]];<ref name=pmid12429156>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Khan | first1 = MS. | last2 = Thornhill | first2 = JA. | last3 = Gaffney | first3 = E. | last4 = Loftus | first4 = B. | last5 = Butler | first5 = MR. | title = Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years experience. | journal = Eur Urol | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 469-74 | month = Nov | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12429156 }}</ref> however, it is not considered a pre-malignant condition.<ref name=pmid1379440>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kvist | first1 = E. | last2 = Sjølin | first2 = KE. | last3 = Laursen | first3 = H. | last4 = Orntoft | first4 = TF. | last5 = Sturmer | first5 = MA. | title = Squamous cell metaplasia of the bladder urothelium. A retrospective study of 36 patients. | journal = APMIS | volume = 100 | issue = 7 | pages = 650-4 | month = Jul | year = 1992 | doi =  | PMID = 1379440 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18931537>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ahmad | first1 = I. | last2 = Barnetson | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Krishna | first3 = NS. | title = Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: a review. | journal = Urol Int | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | pages = 247-51 | month =  | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1159/000151398 | PMID = 18931537 }}</ref>

'''Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the urinary bladder''' is a rare benign change of the [[urinary bladder]] associated with an increased risk of [[malignancy]];<ref name=pmid12429156>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Khan | first1 = MS. | last2 = Thornhill | first2 = JA. | last3 = Gaffney | first3 = E. | last4 = Loftus | first4 = B. | last5 = Butler | first5 = MR. | title = Keratinising squamous metaplasia of the bladder: natural history and rationalization of management based on review of 54 years experience. | journal = Eur Urol | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 469-74 | month = Nov | year = 2002 | doi =  | PMID = 12429156 }}</ref> however, it is not considered a pre-malignant condition.<ref name=pmid1379440>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kvist | first1 = E. | last2 = Sjølin | first2 = KE. | last3 = Laursen | first3 = H. | last4 = Orntoft | first4 = TF. | last5 = Sturmer | first5 = MA. | title = Squamous cell metaplasia of the bladder urothelium. A retrospective study of 36 patients. | journal = APMIS | volume = 100 | issue = 7 | pages = 650-4 | month = Jul | year = 1992 | doi =  | PMID = 1379440 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18931537>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ahmad | first1 = I. | last2 = Barnetson | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Krishna | first3 = NS. | title = Keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the bladder: a review. | journal = Urol Int | volume = 81 | issue = 3 | pages = 247-51 | month =  | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1159/000151398 | PMID = 18931537 }}</ref>

==General==

==General==