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Treatment:<ref name=pmid22982946>{{Cite journal | last1 = Swanstrom | first1 = LL. | last2 = Kurian | first2 = A. | last3 = Dunst | first3 = CM. | last4 = Sharata | first4 = A. | last5 = Bhayani | first5 = N. | last6 = Rieder | first6 = E. | title = Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure. | journal = Ann Surg | volume = 256 | issue = 4 | pages = 659-67 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212 | PMID = 22982946 }}</ref> | Treatment:<ref name=pmid22982946>{{Cite journal | last1 = Swanstrom | first1 = LL. | last2 = Kurian | first2 = A. | last3 = Dunst | first3 = CM. | last4 = Sharata | first4 = A. | last5 = Bhayani | first5 = N. | last6 = Rieder | first6 = E. | title = Long-term outcomes of an endoscopic myotomy for achalasia: the POEM procedure. | journal = Ann Surg | volume = 256 | issue = 4 | pages = 659-67 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31826b5212 | PMID = 22982946 }}</ref> | ||
*Endoscopic dilation. | *Endoscopic dilation. | ||
* | *[[Peroral endoscopic myotomy]] (POEM). | ||
*Laparoscopic myotomy. | *Laparoscopic myotomy. | ||
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