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| ===Central pontine myelinolysis=== | | ===Osmotic demyelination syndrome=== |
| *Abbreviated ''CPM''.
| | {{Main|Osmotic demyelination syndrome}} |
| *[[AKA]] ''pontine myelinolysis''. | | *Previously known as ''central pontine myelinolysis'' (abbreviated ''CPM''). |
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| General:
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| *Classically in the pons, ergo "pontine" is in the name.
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| *Classically midline, ergo "central" is in the name.
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| **May occur elsewhere -- known as ''extrapontine myelinolysis''.
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| Etiology:
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| *Rapid correction of hyponatremia.<ref name=pmid22080394>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chang | first1 = Y. | last2 = An | first2 = DH. | last3 = Xing | first3 = Y. | last4 = Qi | first4 = X. | title = Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis associated with acute hepatic dysfunction. | journal = Neurol Sci | volume = | issue = | pages = | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1007/s10072-011-0838-3 | PMID = 22080394 }}</ref>
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| *Tacrolimus post-liver transplant.<ref name=pmid21959523>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fukazawa | first1 = K. | last2 = Nishida | first2 = S. | last3 = Aguina | first3 = L. | last4 = Pretto | first4 = E. | title = Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) associated with tacrolimus (FK506) after liver transplantation. | journal = Ann Transplant | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 139-42 | month = Sep | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 21959523 }}</ref>
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| *Associated with [[alcoholism]] and malnourishment.
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| Clinical:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lai | first1 = CC. | last2 = Tan | first2 = CK. | last3 = Lin | first3 = SH. | last4 = Chen | first4 = HW. | title = Central pontine myelinolysis. | journal = CMAJ | volume = 183 | issue = 9 | pages = E605 | month = Jun | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.090186 | PMID = 21543311 | PMC = 3114939 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3114939/?tool=pubmed }}</ref>
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| *Decreased level of consciousness - most common.
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| *Quadriplegia.
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| *Poor prognosis.
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| Microscopic:
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| Features:<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref>
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| *Myelin loss.
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| *No inflammation.
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| *Relative preservation of neurons.
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| <gallery>
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| File:Pontine myelinolysis.jpg | Luxol fast blue (LFB stain) in a case of central pontine myelinolysis (WC/jensflorian)
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| File:Pontine myelinolysis myelinophages.jpg | Myelinophages in CPM showing intracellular myelin fragments (WC/jensflorian)
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| </gallery>
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| Images:
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| *[http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/images6/6-9l.jpg CPM (neuropathology-web.org)].<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref>
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| *[http://dartmed.dartmouth.edu/spring09/html/virtual_microscopy_we/ CPM (dartmouth.edu)].
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| ===Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis=== | | ===Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis=== |