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Move Weird Stuff -> Demyelinisation
Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (Move Weird Stuff -> Demyelinisation) |
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==Demyelination== | |||
===Multiple sclerosis=== | |||
==Multiple sclerosis== | |||
*Abbreviated ''MS''. | *Abbreviated ''MS''. | ||
{{Main|Multiple sclerosis}} | {{Main|Multiple sclerosis}} | ||
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==Central pontine myelinolysis== | ===Central pontine myelinolysis=== | ||
*Abbreviated ''CPM''. | *Abbreviated ''CPM''. | ||
*[[AKA]] ''pontine myelinolysis''. | *[[AKA]] ''pontine myelinolysis''. | ||
General: | |||
*Classically in the pons, ergo "pontine" is in the name. | *Classically in the pons, ergo "pontine" is in the name. | ||
*Classically midline, ergo "central" is in the name. | *Classically midline, ergo "central" is in the name. | ||
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*Poor prognosis. | *Poor prognosis. | ||
Microscopic: | |||
Features:<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref> | Features:<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref> | ||
*Myelin loss. | *Myelin loss. | ||
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*[http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/images6/6-9l.jpg CPM (neuropathology-web.org)].<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref> | *[http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/images6/6-9l.jpg CPM (neuropathology-web.org)].<ref name=npw_ch6>URL: [http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter6/chapter6dCPM.html]. Accessed on: 20 December 2011.</ref> | ||
*[http://dartmed.dartmouth.edu/spring09/html/virtual_microscopy_we/ CPM (dartmouth.edu)]. | *[http://dartmed.dartmouth.edu/spring09/html/virtual_microscopy_we/ CPM (dartmouth.edu)]. | ||
===Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis=== | |||
*Abbreviated ''ADEM''. | |||
{{Main|Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis}} | |||
===Neuromyelitis optica=== | |||
*Abbreviated ''NMO''. | |||
General: | |||
*Rare autoimmune disease - once considered a variant of [[multiple sclerosis]]. | |||
**Autoantibodies directed at aquaporin-4.<ref name=pmid22087205>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = W. | last2 = Kim | first2 = SH. | last3 = Kim | first3 = HJ. | title = New insights into neuromyelitis optica. | journal = J Clin Neurol | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 115-27 | month = Sep | year = 2011 | doi = 10.3988/jcn.2011.7.3.115 | PMID = 22087205 }}</ref> | |||
Diagnosis: | |||
*NMO-IgG. | |||
Clinical - preferentially: | |||
*Eye (optic neuritis). | |||
*Spinal cord (myelitis). | |||
Microscopic: | |||
*Inflammation - lymphocytes, macrophages. | |||
*Reactive astrocytes. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case637.html Neuromyelitis optica - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
IHC: | |||
*Mixed lymphocyte population with CD3 > CD20. | |||
*Aquaporin-4 loss. | |||
===Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy=== | |||
*Abbreviated ''PML''. | |||
{{Main|Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy}} | |||
=Cysts= | =Cysts= | ||
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===Epidemiology=== | ===Epidemiology=== | ||
*Autosomal recessive - mutation in a number of genes including NPHP1, AHI1, and CEP290.<ref name=ninds_joubert/> | *Autosomal recessive - mutation in a number of genes including NPHP1, AHI1, and CEP290.<ref name=ninds_joubert/> | ||
=See also= | =See also= | ||