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**Rectum starts/sigmoid ends @ place where serosa ends on the posterior aspect of the bowel. | **Rectum starts/sigmoid ends @ place where serosa ends on the posterior aspect of the bowel. | ||
***The proximal, anterior aspect of the rectum has serosa, i.e. it is not painted. | ***The proximal, anterior aspect of the rectum has serosa, i.e. it is not painted. | ||
Note: | |||
*There are several definitions for rectum.<ref name=pmid24130630>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kenig | first1 = J. | last2 = Richter | first2 = P. | title = Definition of the rectum and level of the peritoneal reflection - still a matter of debate? | journal = Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 183-6 | month = Sep | year = 2013 | doi = 10.5114/wiitm.2011.34205 | PMID = 24130630 }}</ref> | |||
**In a survey of surgeons: | |||
**67% defined it by an anatomical landmark | |||
***35% of all respondants considered the peritoneal reflection the proximal boundary of the rectum. | |||
**30% defined the proximal boundary as a distance from the anal verge. | |||
=Common non-neoplastic disease= | =Common non-neoplastic disease= |
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