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| ==Aspergillosis== | | ==Aspergillosis== |
| ===General===
| | {{Main|Aspergillosis}} |
| *Due to ''Aspergillus''.
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| *Fungus.
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| *Associated with immunosuppression/immunodeficiency.
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| **Rarely in immune competent individuals.<ref name=pmid7844909>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sugimura | first1 = S. | last2 = Yoshida | first2 = K. | last3 = Oba | first3 = H. | last4 = Hashiguchi | first4 = K. | last5 = Nakajima | first5 = M. | last6 = Moriya | first6 = O. | last7 = Okimoto | first7 = N. | last8 = Niki | first8 = Y. | last9 = Soejima | first9 = R. | title = [Two cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised hosts]. | journal = Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | volume = 32 | issue = 10 | pages = 1032-7 | month = Oct | year = 1994 | doi = | PMID = 7844909 }}
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| </ref>
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| ===Microscopic===
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| Features:
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| *Hyphae that branching with 45 degrees angle - '''key feature'''.<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref>
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| **Uniform width - typically ~3-5 μm.
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| *Septated - often difficult to see.
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| *"Fruiting heads" when aerobic - uncommon.
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| **Spherical structures ~50 micrometres in diameter with radially arranged structures (like spokes of a wheel) +/- an empty centre in the plane of section.
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| DDx:
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| *[[Mucormycosis]] - irregular width.
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| *Scedosporium prolificans - in immunoincompetent individuals.<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case290.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case290.html]. Accessed on: 14 January 2012.</ref>
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| *[[Candida]].<ref name=pmid21482725>{{Cite journal | last1 = Guarner | first1 = J. | last2 = Brandt | first2 = ME. | title = Histopathologic diagnosis of fungal infections in the 21st century. | journal = Clin Microbiol Rev | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 247-80 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1128/CMR.00053-10 | PMID = 21482725 }}</ref>
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| ====Images====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Pulmonary_aspergillosis.jpg | Aspergillus (WC)
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| Image:Pulmonary_aspergillosis_cytology.jpg | Aspergillus - [[cytology]]. (WC)
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| Image:Aspergillus_-_high_mag.jpg | Aspergillus with fruiting head - high mag. (WC)
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| Image:Aspergillus_-_add_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Aspergillus with fruiting head - very high mag. (WC)
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| File:Aspergillosis, angioinvasive, - GMS stain (5390967417).jpg | Angionvasive aspergillosis. (WC/Yale Rosen)
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| File:Aspergillosis, granulomatous (5390380567).jpg | Granulomatous reaction in aspergillosis - HE.(WC/Yale Rosen)
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| File:Aspergilloma (5390379559).jpg | Aspergilloma. (WC/Yale Rosen)
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| </gallery>
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| www:
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| *[http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.article-g03.fs.jpg Aspergillosis - fruiting head (ispub.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.html http://www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-otorhinolaryngology/volume-6-number-1/maxillary-sinus-mycetoma-due-to-aspergillus-niger.html]. Accessed on: 27 February 2012.</ref>
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| ===Stains===
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| *PAS-D +ve.
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| ==Microsporidiosis== | | ==Microsporidiosis== |