Difference between revisions of "Glioma"

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moved from neuropathology tumors
(typo fix, image added and see also)
(moved from neuropathology tumors)
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Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of gliomas are:
Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of gliomas are:


* [[Ependymoma]]s—ependymal cells
* [[Astrocytoma]]s—[[astrocyte]]s ([[glioblastoma multiforme]] is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults).
* [[Astrocytoma]]s—[[astrocyte]]s ([[glioblastoma multiforme]] is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults).
* [[Oligodendroglioma]]s—[[oligodendrocyte]]s
* [[Oligodendroglioma]]s—[[oligodendrocyte]]s
* Mixed gliomas, such as [[oligoastrocytoma]]s, contain cells from different types of glia
* [[Ependymoma]]s—ependymal cells
* Mixed gliomas, such as [[oligoastrocytoma]]s, contain cells with different morphologies
**Molecular analysis allows the tumor in most cases assigned to astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma.


Note:
Note:
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*The infratentorial is below the tentorium, in the cerebellum, and mostly found in children (70%).
*The infratentorial is below the tentorium, in the cerebellum, and mostly found in children (70%).
*The pontine is located in the pons of the brainstem. The brainstem has three parts (pons, midbrain, and medulla); the pons controls critical functions such as breathing, making surgery on these extremely dangerous.
*The pontine is located in the pons of the brainstem. The brainstem has three parts (pons, midbrain, and medulla); the pons controls critical functions such as breathing, making surgery on these extremely dangerous.
==Table of common gliomas==
Histomorphologic comparison of common gliomas:
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Entity''' || '''Rosenthal <br>fibres / EGBs''' ||'''Nuclear atypia''' ||'''Mitoses''' || '''Necrosis or MVP''' || '''Infiltrative''' || '''Image'''
|-
|[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]] || yes || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || no || [[Image:Rosenthal_HE_40x.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|[[Diffuse astrocytoma]] || no || yes || no || no || yes || [[File:Astrocytoma_whoII_HE.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]] || no || yes || yes || no || yes || [[Image:Anaplastic_astrocytoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|[[Glioblastoma]] || no || yes || yes || yes || yes || [[Image:Glioblastoma_-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|[[Oligodendroglioma]] || no || usu. no || yes || no || yes || [[Image:Oligodendroglioma1_low_mag.jpg|thumb|150px]]
|-
|[[Ependymoma]] || no || usu. no || usu. no || usu. no || discrete || [[Image:|thumb|150px]]
|}
Notes:
*''MVP'' = microvascular proliferation.
*''EGBs'' = eosinophilic granular bodies.


==Frequency==
==Frequency==
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** astrocytoma grade II 9%
** astrocytoma grade II 9%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 6.1%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 6.1%
** ependymomas 6.8%
** ependymoma 6.8%
** oligodendrogliomas grade II 5.9%
** oligodendroglioma grade II 5.9%
** pilocytic astrocytoma 5.9%
** pilocytic astrocytoma 5.9%
** anaplastic oligodendrogliomas grade III 3.3%
** anaplastic oligodendroglioma grade III 3.3%
** oligoastrocytomas 3.3%
** not further specified 8.4%  
** not further specified 8.4%  


*Children:
*Children:
** pilocytic astrocytoma 33.8%
** pilocytic astrocytoma 33.8%
** malignant glioma, NOS 25.7%
** malignant glioma, NOS 25.7%
** ependymomas 11.4%
** ependymoma 11.4%
** astroyctoma grade II 11.1%
** astroyctoma grade II 11.1%
** glioblastoma 6.3%
** glioblastoma 6.3%
** oligodendroglioma/oligoastrocytoma 3.9%
** oligodendroglioma  3.9%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 3.6%
** anaplastic astrocytoma grade III 3.6%
** not further specified 4.2%
** not further specified 4.2%
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