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→IHC: + some molecular
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Jensflorian (talk | contribs) (→IHC: + some molecular) |
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==IHC== | ==IHC== | ||
*GFAP +ve (cytoplasm). | *GFAP +ve (cytoplasm). | ||
*IDH-1 -ve. | *[[MAP2]] +ve. | ||
**+ve if developed from lower grade astrocytoma. ( | *[[IDH-1]] -ve (95%). | ||
**+ve if developed from lower grade astrocytoma (secondary GBM). | |||
*[[WT-1]] +ve (cytoplasm). | |||
*p53 +ve (70%). | |||
*Neurofilament -ve. | |||
*Synaptophysin -ve (residual Cortex may be +ve). | |||
*panCK -ve (except for GBM with epithelial component). | |||
*[[ATRX]]: +ve (no loss, nuclei) | |||
**-ve if developed from lower grade astrocytoma (secondary GBM). | |||
*EMA: Dot-like expression less common than in [[ependymoma]]s. | |||
*MIB-1 usu. 15-30%, but varies greatly. | |||
==Molecular== | |||
*Seen in inherited tumor syndromes: | |||
**Lynch-Syndrome | |||
**[[Neurofibromatosis 1]] | |||
**Li-Fraumeni-Syndrome | |||
**Turcot-Syndrome | |||
*Most common alterations (TCGA<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Verhaak | first1 = RG. | last2 = Hoadley | first2 = KA. | last3 = Purdom | first3 = E. | last4 = Wang | first4 = V. | last5 = Qi | first5 = Y. | last6 = Wilkerson | first6 = MD. | last7 = Miller | first7 = CR. | last8 = Ding | first8 = L. | last9 = Golub | first9 = T. | title = Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1. | journal = Cancer Cell | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 98-110 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.020 | PMID = 20129251 }}</ref>) | |||
**Tp53 (42% of the tumors mutated) | |||
**PTEN (33%). | |||
**NF1 (21%). | |||
**EGFR (18%). | |||
**RB1 (11%). | |||
**PI3K-pathway genes (7-10%). | |||
*Diagnostic/therapeutic relevant markers: | |||
**MGMT promoter methylation status | |||
**Absence of LOH 1p/19q (otherwise classify tumor as [[oligodendroglioma]]). | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||