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Revision as of 03:47, 9 February 2016

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→‎Retinoblastoma: split out
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==Retinoblastoma==
==Retinoblastoma==
===General===
{{Main|Retinoblastoma}}
*Rare.
*Malignant.
*May be familial.<ref name=pmid20687510>{{cite journal |author=Lohmann D |title=Retinoblastoma |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=685 |issue= |pages=220–7 |year=2010 |pmid=20687510 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
===Gross===
*White, solid.
*Patterns:
**Endophytic - grow into the  vitreous cavity.
**Exophytic - grow toward choroid.
**Mixed - components of endophytic and exophytic.
 
Image:
*[http://radiopaedia.org/cases/retinoblastoma-gross-pathology Retinoblastoma (radiopaedia.org/AFIP)].
 
Note:
*Tumour is extremely friable.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*[[Small round cell tumour]]:
**Scant cytoplasm.
*Flexner-Wintersteiner [[rosette]] - '''key feature'''.
**Rosette with empty centre (donut hole).<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*+/-Homer-Wright rosette.<ref>WH. 14 March 2011.</ref>
**Circular rosette with neuropil at the centre.<ref name=pmid16551982>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: rosettes and pseudorosettes |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=488–92 |year=2006 |month=March |pmid=16551982 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Mitoses - common.
*+/-Necrosis.
*+/-Calcification.
 
DDx:
*Retinocytoma (retinoma) - benign counterpart of retinoblastoma.
 
Notes:
*DDx of Flexner-Wintersteiner rosette includes:
**Pineoblastoma.
**Medulloepithelioma.
 
Image:
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/O0A001-PQ01-M.htm Retinoblastoma (ouhsc.edu)].
*[http://www.pathpedia.com/Education/eAtlas/Histopathology/eye_and_ocular_adnexa/retinoblastoma.aspx Retinoblastoma (pathpedia.com)].


==Malignant melanoma==
==Malignant melanoma==
Michael
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