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Difference between revisions of "Thymus"
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====Staging==== | ====Staging==== | ||
There is a system by Masaoka and colleagues<ref name=pmid7296496 >{{Cite journal | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi = | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref> that was subsequently modified, and is known as the ''modified Masaoka staging system''.<ref name=pmid8044305>{{Cite journal | last1 = Koga | first1 = K. | last2 = Matsuno | first2 = Y. | last3 = Noguchi | first3 = M. | last4 = Mukai | first4 = K. | last5 = Asamura | first5 = H. | last6 = Goya | first6 = T. | last7 = Shimosato | first7 = Y. | title = A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma. | journal = Pathol Int | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 359-67 | month = May | year = 1994 | doi = | PMID = 8044305 }}</ref> | There is a system by Masaoka and colleagues<ref name=pmid7296496 >{{Cite journal | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Monden | first2 = Y. | last3 = Nakahara | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanioka | first4 = T. | title = Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. | journal = Cancer | volume = 48 | issue = 11 | pages = 2485-92 | month = Dec | year = 1981 | doi = | PMID = 7296496 }}</ref> that was subsequently modified, and is known as the ''modified Masaoka staging system''.<ref name=pmid8044305>{{Cite journal | last1 = Koga | first1 = K. | last2 = Matsuno | first2 = Y. | last3 = Noguchi | first3 = M. | last4 = Mukai | first4 = K. | last5 = Asamura | first5 = H. | last6 = Goya | first6 = T. | last7 = Shimosato | first7 = Y. | title = A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma. | journal = Pathol Int | volume = 44 | issue = 5 | pages = 359-67 | month = May | year = 1994 | doi = | PMID = 8044305 }}</ref> | ||
=====Based CAP protocol===== | |||
Staging as per Butnor ''et al.'':<ref>Butnor KJ et al. Thymus. Version 3.1.0.0. 2011. URL: [http://www.cap.org/cancerprotocols www.cap.org/cancerprotocols]. Accessed on: 31 August 2015.</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Stage | |||
!Characteristics | |||
|- | |||
|I | |||
|encapsulated lesion, tumour does not penetrate capsule | |||
|- | |||
|IIa | |||
|microscopic penetration of the capsule | |||
|- | |||
|IIb | |||
|macroscopic penetration of the capsule | |||
|- | |||
|III | |||
|macroscopic invasion of adjacent organs | |||
|- | |||
|IVa | |||
|pleural or pericardial spread | |||
|- | |||
|IVb | |||
|lymphatic or hematogenous spread | |||
|} | |||
=====Modified Masaoka as per Masaoka et al. (1999)===== | |||
T-stage - based on Masaoka (1999):<ref name=pmid10047676>{{Cite journal | last1 = Masaoka | first1 = A. | last2 = Yamakawa | first2 = Y. | last3 = Fujii | first3 = Y. | title = Well-differentiated thymic carcinoma: is it thymic carcinoma or not? | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 117 | issue = 3 | pages = 628-30 | month = Mar | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10047676 }}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Stage | |||
!Features | |||
|- | |||
| T1 | |||
| macroscopically and microscopically encapulated | |||
|- | |||
| T2 | |||
| macroscopic invasion or adhesion to surrounding tissue (fat or pleura) ''or'' microscopic invasion into the capsule | |||
|- | |||
| T3 | |||
| Spread to adjacent organs, e.g. pericardium, lung, great vessels. | |||
|- | |||
| T4 | |||
| pericardial or pleural spread | |||
|} | |||
===IHC=== | ===IHC=== | ||