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Difference between revisions of "Placenta"
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Image: [http://flylib.com/books/2/953/1/html/2/43%20-%20Placenta_files/DA10C43FF12.png Hematoma (flylib.com)].<ref>URL: [http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/ http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/]. Accessed on: 10 January 2011.</ref> | Image: [http://flylib.com/books/2/953/1/html/2/43%20-%20Placenta_files/DA10C43FF12.png Hematoma (flylib.com)].<ref>URL: [http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/ http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/]. Accessed on: 10 January 2011.</ref> | ||
=Membranes= | |||
*Squamous metaplasia. | |||
*Chorioamnionitis - see ''infection'' section. | |||
==Passage of meconium== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Associated with fetal distress. | |||
===Gross=== | |||
*Green/green discolourization. | |||
===Microscopy=== | |||
Features:<ref>ALS. 6 Feb 2009.</ref> | |||
*Macrophages with brown fine granular pigment. | |||
*Columnar morphology (normally cuboidal). | |||
*"Drop-out" of individual cell -- the loss of individual cells. | |||
Level of staining and time:<ref>3 Apr 2009.</ref> | |||
*<1 h - no staining of membranes. | |||
*1-3 h - amnion is stained. | |||
*>3 h - chorion is stained. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Hemosiderin-laden macrophages. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meconium-laden_macrophages_high_mag.jpg Meconium-laden macrophages - high mag. (WC)]. | |||
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meconium-laden_macrophages_intermed_mag.jpg Meconium-laden macrophages - intermed. mag. (WC)]. | |||
===Special stains=== | |||
*Hemosiderin +ve in hemosiderin-laden macrophages. | |||
*PAS +ve in meconium-laden macrophages.<ref name=pmid11268705>{{cite journal |author=Povýsil C, Bennett R, Povýsilová V |title=CD 68 positivity of the so-called meconium corpuscles in human foetal intestine |journal=Cesk Patol |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=7–9 |year=2001 |month=January |pmid=11268705 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
Useful to differentiate hemosiderin-laden macrophages and meconium laden macrophages: | |||
*Hemosiderin stain -- +ve for old blood. | |||
**Prussian-blue stain = hemosiderin stain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sienko A, Altshuler G |title=Meconium-induced umbilical vascular necrosis in abortuses and fetuses: a histopathologic study for cytokines |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=415?0 |year=1999 |month=September |pmid=10472870 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*PAS-D -- +ve in chorioamnionitis??? | |||
Note: | |||
*Meconium contains bile.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sienko A, Altshuler G |title=Meconium-induced umbilical vascular necrosis in abortuses and fetuses: a histopathologic study for cytokines |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=415?0 |year=1999 |month=September |pmid=10472870 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Squamous metaplasia== | |||
*Benign common finding - no clinical significance.<ref name=Ref_WMSP463>{{Ref WMSP|463}}</ref> | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://flylib.com/books/2/953/1/html/2/43%20-%20Placenta_files/DA10C43FF29.png Squmous metaplasia of the amnion (flylib.com)].<ref>URL: [http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/ http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/]. Accessed on: 10 January 2011.</ref> | |||
=Twin placentas= | =Twin placentas= | ||
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*Acellular eosinophilic material around formed villi. | *Acellular eosinophilic material around formed villi. | ||
**Obliteration of intervillous space. | **Obliteration of intervillous space. | ||
=Maternal disease= | =Maternal disease= | ||