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# | '''Hepatic adenoma''', also known as '''hepatocellular adenoma''' (abbreviated '''HCA'''), is a benign neoplasm of the liver. | ||
==General== | |||
*Grow under the influence of sex hormones. | |||
**Associated with ''[[oral contraceptive pill]]'' (OCP) use<ref name=Ref_WMSP221>{{Ref WMSP|221}}</ref><ref name=pmid221698>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rooks | first1 = JB. | last2 = Ory | first2 = HW. | last3 = Ishak | first3 = KG. | last4 = Strauss | first4 = LT. | last5 = Greenspan | first5 = JR. | last6 = Hill | first6 = AP. | last7 = Tyler | first7 = CW. | title = Epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma. The role of oral contraceptive use. | journal = JAMA | volume = 242 | issue = 7 | pages = 644-8 | month = Aug | year = 1979 | doi = | PMID = 221698 }}</ref> - may regress with discontinuation. | |||
**May rupture in [[pregnancy]]. | |||
*Usually diagnosed by radiology. | |||
==Gross== | |||
Features:<ref>STC S.20, 19 Jan 2009.</ref> | |||
*Often subcapsular location. | |||
*Well circumscribed, but not encapsulated. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features: | |||
*Sheets or cords of cells with mild variation of cell and nuclear size.<ref name=Ref_PBoD923>{{Ref PBoD|923}}</ref> | |||
*Cords of cells upto 3 cells thick.<ref>STC S.19, 19 Jan 2009.</ref> | |||
*Cells may have cytoplasmic clearing due to glycogen or be pale - '''obvious if seen'''. | |||
*Vascular - large arteries, dilated thin-walled veins. | |||
Negatives: | |||
*No bile ducts. | |||
*No portal tracts. | |||
*No cirrhosis! If cirrhosis is present it isn't a hepatic adenoma - '''important'''. | |||
DDx: | |||
*Well-differentiated [[hepatocellular carcinoma]].<ref>SN. 29 May 2009.</ref> | |||
**Hepatic adenoma is differentiated from ''well-differentiated HCC'' by its architecture; adenomas have cords of cells upto 3 cells thick & have preserved reticulin architecture. | |||
*[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Hepatic_adenoma_low_mag.jpg | Hepatic adenoma. (WC/Nephron) | |||
Image:Hepatic_adenoma_low_mag_reticulin.jpg | Hepatic adenoma - reticulin. (WC/Nephron) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content-nw/full/182/6/1520/FIG3 Hepatic adenoma (ajronline.org)]. | |||
*[http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/22/5/1023.figures-only Series of liver micrographs including hepatic adenoma (radiographics.rsna.org)]. | |||
===Subclassification=== | |||
Based on molecular changes:<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Katabathina | first1 = VS. | last2 = Menias | first2 = CO. | last3 = Shanbhogue | first3 = AK. | last4 = Jagirdar | first4 = J. | last5 = Paspulati | first5 = RM. | last6 = Prasad | first6 = SR. | title = Genetics and imaging of hepatocellular adenomas: 2011 update. | journal = Radiographics | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 1529-43 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1148/rg.316115527 | PMID = 21997980 }}</ref><ref name=pmid21883740>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sasaki | first1 = M. | last2 = Yoneda | first2 = N. | last3 = Kitamura | first3 = S. | last4 = Sato | first4 = Y. | last5 = Nakanuma | first5 = Y. | title = Characterization of hepatocellular adenoma based on the phenotypic classification: The Kanazawa experience. | journal = Hepatol Res | volume = 41 | issue = 10 | pages = 982-8 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00851.x | PMID = 21883740 }}</ref> | |||
#Inflammatory hepatic adenoma. | |||
#*[[AKA]] ''telangiectatic adenoma''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Maylee | first1 = H. | last2 = Harada | first2 = K. | last3 = Igarashi | first3 = S. | last4 = Tohda | first4 = G. | last5 = Yamamoto | first5 = M. | last6 = Ren | first6 = XS. | last7 = Osawa | first7 = T. | last8 = Hasegawa | first8 = Y. | last9 = Takahashi | first9 = N. | title = Case of telangiectatic/inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma arising in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis. | journal = Hepatol Res | volume = 42 | issue = 6 | pages = 611-8 | month = Jun | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2011.00962.x | PMID = 22568458 }} | |||
</ref> | |||
#*Associated with obesity.{{fact}} | |||
#Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha-mutated hepatic adenoma. | |||
#*Inactivating mutation. | |||
#Beta-catenin-mutated hepatic adenoma | |||
#*Activating mutation. | |||
#Unclassified hepatic adenoma. | |||
Note: | |||
*Beta-catenin is considered an [[oncogene]]. | |||
==IHC== | |||
*AFP -ve. (???) | |||
*HNF1alpha +ve/-ve. | |||
*Beta-catenin +ve/-ve. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Liver neoplasms]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Liver neoplasms]] | |||