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Difference between revisions of "Prostate-specific antigen"
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*PSA [[immunostain]] useful for classifying a carcinoma as prostate carcinoma. | *PSA [[immunostain]] useful for classifying a carcinoma as prostate carcinoma. | ||
==Serum PSA== | ===Serum PSA=== | ||
*Normal - typically < 4.0 ng/mL. | *Normal - typically < 4.0 ng/mL. | ||
*Increases with age.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Increases with age.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ku JH, Ahn JO, Lee CH, ''et al.'' |title=Distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in healthy Korean men: influence of ethnicity |journal=Urology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=475–9 |year=2002 |month=September |pmid=12350489 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Prostate specific antigen density=== | |||
*Abbreviated ''PSAD''. | |||
Better predictor than (unadjusted) serum PSA for: | |||
*Gleason score upgrading on [[prostatectomy]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sfoungaristos S, Katafigiotis I, Perimenis P |title=The role of PSA density to predict a pathological tumour upgrade between needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy for low risk clinical prostate cancer in the modified Gleason system era |journal=Can Urol Assoc J |volume=7 |issue=11-12 |pages=E722–7 |year=2013 |pmid=24282465 |pmc=3840515 |doi=10.5489/cuaj.374 |url=}}</ref> | |||
====A forumla for PSAD==== | |||
*Benson:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Benson MC, Whang IS, Pantuck A, ''et al.'' |title=Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer |journal=J. Urol. |volume=147 |issue=3 Pt 2 |pages=815–6 |year=1992 |month=March |pmid=1371554 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
:<math>PASD = \frac{serum PSA}{volume}</math> | |||
**Where | |||
::<math>volume = \frac{1}{2} D1 x D2 x D3</math> | |||
::D1, D2, D3 are the major axes. | |||
Note: | |||
*The volume of an ellipsoid is: | |||
::<math>\frac{4}{3}\pi D1 x D1 x D3</math> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||