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Difference between revisions of "Squamous cell carcinoma"
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[[Image:Esophageal_squamous_cell_carcinoma_-_a1_--_high_mag.jpg| thumb| Squamous cell carcinoma. [[H&E stain]]. (WC)]] | |||
This article deal with '''squamous cell carcinoma''', also '''squamous carcinoma''', a very common epithelial derived malignant neoplasm that can arise from many sites. It is commonly abbreviated '''[[SCC]]'''. | This article deal with '''squamous cell carcinoma''', also '''squamous carcinoma''', a very common epithelial derived malignant neoplasm that can arise from many sites. It is commonly abbreviated '''[[SCC]]'''. | ||
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{{Main|Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck}} | {{Main|Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck}} | ||
*Most common tumour of the [[head and neck pathology|head & neck]]. | *Most common tumour of the [[head and neck pathology|head & neck]]. | ||
**[[Tongue squamous cell carcinoma]] is dealt with separately. | |||
*''[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]'' can be considered a variant SCC. | *''[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]'' can be considered a variant SCC. | ||
*HPV-associated SCC is dealt with in ''[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]]''. | *HPV-associated SCC is dealt with in ''[[HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]]''. | ||
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*There is no agreed upon measure of tumour extent (tumour thickness/depth of invasion)<ref name=pmid16240329>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pentenero | first1 = M. | last2 = Gandolfo | first2 = S. | last3 = Carrozzo | first3 = M. | title = Importance of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in nodal involvement and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the literature. | journal = Head Neck | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = 1080-91 | month = Dec | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/hed.20275 | PMID = 16240329 }}</ref> - proposed measures:<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/LipOralCav_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/LipOralCav_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 3 April 2012.</ref> | *There is no agreed upon measure of tumour extent (tumour thickness/depth of invasion)<ref name=pmid16240329>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pentenero | first1 = M. | last2 = Gandolfo | first2 = S. | last3 = Carrozzo | first3 = M. | title = Importance of tumor thickness and depth of invasion in nodal involvement and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of the literature. | journal = Head Neck | volume = 27 | issue = 12 | pages = 1080-91 | month = Dec | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1002/hed.20275 | PMID = 16240329 }}</ref> - proposed measures:<ref>URL: [http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/LipOralCav_11protocol.pdf http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/LipOralCav_11protocol.pdf]. Accessed on: 3 April 2012.</ref> | ||
**"Tumour thickness" = perpendicular distance from mucosal surface to deepest point of invasion. | **"Tumour thickness" = perpendicular distance from mucosal surface to deepest point of invasion. | ||
**"Tumour depth" = perpendicular distance epithelial basement membrane to deepest point of invasion. | **"Tumour depth" = perpendicular distance from epithelial basement membrane to deepest point of invasion. | ||
===Uterine cervix=== | ===Uterine cervix=== | ||
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===Anus=== | ===Anus=== | ||
{{Main|Anal squamous cell carcinoma}} | {{Main|Anal squamous cell carcinoma}} | ||
Most common form of anal cancer. | *Most common form of anal cancer. | ||
===Other sites=== | ===Other sites=== | ||
*[[Colorectal carcinoma|Colorectum]]. | *[[Colorectal carcinoma|Colorectum]]. | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis]]. | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder]]. | |||
=Microscopic= | =Microscopic= | ||
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**Good prognosis. | **Good prognosis. | ||
**EBV association. | **EBV association. | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Anus SquamousCellCarcinoma SCC NonKeratinizing AIA SCCIS CTR.jpg |Anus Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non Keratinizing)-(SKB) | |||
Image:Anus SquamousCellCarcinoma SCC NonKeratinizing MP4 CTR.jpg|Anus Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non Keratinizing) -(SKB) | |||
Image:Anus SquamousCellCarcinoma SCC NonKeratinizing MP CTR.jpg|Anus Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Non Keratinizing) - (SKB) | |||
</gallery> | |||
Features based on classification:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_975>{{Ref Sternberg4|975}}</ref> | Features based on classification:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_975>{{Ref Sternberg4|975}}</ref> | ||
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*Acanthosis. | *Acanthosis. | ||
<!-- | |||
Image: | Image: | ||
*[http://www.cmaj.ca/content/177/3/249.2/F2.expansion.html Carcinoma cuniculatum (cmaj.ca)]. | *[http://www.cmaj.ca/content/177/3/249.2/F2.expansion.html Carcinoma cuniculatum (cmaj.ca)]. --> | ||
==Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma== | ==Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma== | ||
*[[AKA]] ''verrucous carcinoma''. | *[[AKA]] ''verrucous carcinoma''. | ||
{{Main|Verrucous carcinoma}} | |||
==Spindle cell squamous carcinoma== | ==Spindle cell squamous carcinoma== | ||
*[[AKA]] ''sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma''.<ref name=pmid18787630 >{{Cite journal | last1 = Hall | first1 = JM. | last2 = Saenger | first2 = JS. | last3 = Fadare | first3 = O. | title = Diagnostic utility of P63 and CD10 in distinguishing cutaneous spindle cell/sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas and atypical fibroxanthomas. | journal = Int J Clin Exp Pathol | volume = 1 | issue = 6 | pages = 524-30 | month = Mar | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18787630 }}</ref> | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Common spindle cell lesion of the head and neck. | *Common spindle cell lesion of the head and neck. | ||
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Images: see the ''[[LELC]]'' article. | Images: see the ''[[LELC]]'' article. | ||
=IHC= | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid20823766>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pereira | first1 = TC. | last2 = Share | first2 = SM. | last3 = Magalhães | first3 = AV. | last4 = Silverman | first4 = JF. | title = Can we tell the site of origin of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma? An immunohistochemical tissue microarray study of 194 cases. | journal = Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 10-4 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181ecaf1c | PMID = 20823766 }}</ref> | Features:<ref name=pmid20823766>{{Cite journal | last1 = Pereira | first1 = TC. | last2 = Share | first2 = SM. | last3 = Magalhães | first3 = AV. | last4 = Silverman | first4 = JF. | title = Can we tell the site of origin of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma? An immunohistochemical tissue microarray study of 194 cases. | journal = Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 10-4 | month = Jan | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181ecaf1c | PMID = 20823766 }}</ref> | ||
*CK5/6 +ve. | *[[CK5/6]] +ve. | ||
*p63 +ve. | *[[p63]] +ve. | ||
*K903 +ve. | *K903 +ve. | ||
*p16 +ve/-ve -- dependent | *[[p16]] +ve/-ve -- dependent on site, +ve favours non-lung SCC.<ref name=pmid20823766/> | ||
*[[p40]] +ve. | |||
Note: | |||
*Immunostains not particularly helpful for establishing primary site of squamous cell carcinoma. p16 may be helpful but is not definitive for non-lung SCC.<ref name=pmid20823766/> | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | *[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia]] - can mimic squamous cell carcinoma. | |||
*[[Basics]]. | *[[Basics]]. | ||