Difference between revisions of "Placenta"

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Placenta (view source)

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→‎Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: split out
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==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia==
==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia==
*Abbreviated ''PMD''.
*Abbreviated ''PMD''.
===General===
{{Main|Placental mesenchymal dysplasia}}
*Very rare ~ 70 reported cases.<ref name=pmid16753607>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pham | first1 = T. | last2 = Steele | first2 = J. | last3 = Stayboldt | first3 = C. | last4 = Chan | first4 = L. | last5 = Benirschke | first5 = K. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is associated with high rates of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal demise: A report of 11 new cases and a review of the literature. | journal = Am J Clin Pathol | volume = 126 | issue = 1 | pages = 67-78 | month = Jul | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1309/RV45-HRD5-3YQ2-YFTP | PMID = 16753607 }}</ref>
*Etiology unknown.
 
Associations:<ref name=pmid16753607/>
*[[IUGR]] ~ 50% of cases.
*Fetal demise ~ 40-45% of cases.
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]].
 
===Gross===
Features:<ref name=pmid23266781>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rohilla | first1 = M. | last2 = Siwatch | first2 = S. | last3 = Jain | first3 = V. | last4 = Nijhawan | first4 = R. | title = Placentomegaly and placental mesenchymal dysplasia. | journal = BMJ Case Rep | volume = 2012 | issue =  | pages =  | month =  | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1136/bcr-2012-007777 | PMID = 23266781 }}</ref>
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*Grape-like vesicles.
 
DDx - gross:
*[[Partial hydatidiform mole]].
 
Image:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F3/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/>
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=pmid21513565>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Umazume | first1 = T. | last2 = Kataoka | first2 = S. | last3 = Kamamuta | first3 = K. | last4 = Tanuma | first4 = F. | last5 = Sumie | first5 = A. | last6 = Shirogane | first6 = T. | last7 = Kudou | first7 = T. | last8 = Ikeda | first8 = H. | title = Placental mesenchymal dysplasia, a case of intrauterine sudden death of fetus with rupture of cirsoid periumbilical chorionic vessels. | journal = Diagn Pathol | volume = 6 | issue =  | pages = 38 | month =  | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1186/1746-1596-6-38 | PMID = 21513565 }}</ref>
*Stem villi with edema (hydropic changes) and few blood vessels.
*Paucivascular (few blood vessels) or avascular (terminal) villi.
 
Note:
*Stem villi = large villi with a fibrotic core and (fetal) arteries and veins.<ref name=pmid9260835>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Demir | first1 = R. | last2 = Kosanke | first2 = G. | last3 = Kohnen | first3 = G. | last4 = Kertschanska | first4 = S. | last5 = Kaufmann | first5 = P. | title = Classification of human placental stem villi: review of structural and functional aspects. | journal = Microsc Res Tech | volume = 38 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 29-41 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970701/15)38:1/229::AID-JEMT53.0.CO;2-P | PMID = 9260835 }}</ref>
 
Image:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094260/figure/F5/ PMD (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid21513565/>


=Placental cysts and pseudocysts=
=Placental cysts and pseudocysts=
Michael
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