Difference between revisions of "Placenta"

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Placenta (view source)

Revision as of 04:16, 30 March 2014

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→‎Umbilical cord vasculitis: split out
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==Umbilical cord vasculitis==
==Umbilical cord vasculitis==
===General===
{{Main|Umbilical cord vasculitis}}
*Usually seen together with [[chorioamnionitis]].
**May be described as the ''fetal response'' to chorioamnionitis.<ref name=pmid14749651/>
*Presence considered to be a good prognosticator.<ref name=pmid14749651>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Lahra | first1 = MM. | last2 = Jeffery | first2 = HE. | title = A fetal response to chorioamnionitis is associated with early survival after preterm birth. | journal = Am J Obstet Gynecol | volume = 190 | issue = 1 | pages = 147-51 | month = Jan | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.07.012 | PMID = 14749651 }}
</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*[[Neutrophil]]s in the vessels of the umbilical cord.
*Wharton's jelly without neutrophils.
 
Notes:
*Margination of neutrophils in the affected vessels is usually seen, and (in theory) precedes the development of vasculitis.
*Umbilical vein involvement (umbilical phlebitis) precedes umbilical artery involvement (umbilical arteritis).<ref name=pmid21090086>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Vedovato | first1 = S. | last2 = Zanardo | first2 = V. | title = [Chorioamnionitis and inflammatory disease in the premature newborn infant]. | journal = Minerva Pediatr | volume = 62 | issue = 3 Suppl 1 | pages = 155-6 | month = Jun | year = 2010 | doi =  | PMID = 21090086 }}</ref>
 
DDx:
*[[Funisitis]] - neutrophils are ''also'' in the connective tissue of the umbilical cord (Wharton's jelly).
 
====Grading====
Umbilical cord vasculitis:<ref name=Ref_Sternberg4_2311>{{Ref Sternberg4|2311}}</ref>
* +0.5 for each vessel.
* +0.5 for each vessel with severe involvement.
 
====Image====
<gallery>
Image:Chorial vasculitis and chorioamnionitis in AIS, HE 4.jpg |Vasculitis. (WC)
</gallery>


==Funisitis==
==Funisitis==
Michael
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