Difference between revisions of "Heart"

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→‎Chagas disease: split out
(→‎Chagas disease: split out)
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==Chagas disease==
==Chagas disease==
*[[AKA]] ''American trypanosomiasis''.
*[[AKA]] ''American trypanosomiasis''.
 
{{Main|Chagas disease}}
===General===
*Essentially a South American disease.
*Etiology: protozoa ''Trypanosoma cruzi'' - transmitted by ''reduvid bugs'',<ref name=PMH0002348>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002348/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002348/]. Accessed on: 4 December 2011.</ref> also known as ''kissing bug''.<ref>URL: [http://www.who.int/topics/chagas_disease/en/ http://www.who.int/topics/chagas_disease/en/]. Accessed on: 1 December 2011.</ref>
 
Clinical:<ref name=pmid17072450>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Teixeira | first1 = AR. | last2 = Nascimento | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Sturm | first3 = NR. | title = Evolution and pathology in chagas disease--a review. | journal = Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz | volume = 101 | issue = 5 | pages = 463-91 | month = Aug | year = 2006 | doi =  | PMID = 17072450 |URL = http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762006000500001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en }}</ref>
*Depends on phase of infection.
*[[cardiac arrhythmia|Arrhythmia]]s (late).
 
Dx:<ref>URL: [http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/diagnosis.html http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/diagnosis.html]. Accessed on: 4 December 2011.</ref>
*Usually serology.
*Thin blood smear.
 
Tx:
*Antimicrobials: benznidazole, nifurtimox.<ref name=PMH0002348/>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Inflammation - main finding.<ref name=pmid17072450/>
*Intramuscular organisms (without an inflammatory response).
*Neuronal loss in atrial ganglia.<ref name=pmid17339569/>
 
DDx:
*[[Toxoplasmosis]].<ref>URL: [http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case160/micro.html http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case160/micro.html]. Accessed on: 8 January 2012.</ref> (???)
 
Images:
*[http://www.uaz.edu.mx/histo/pathology/ed/ch_9c/c9c_chagas.htm Chagas disease (uaz.edu.mx)].
*[http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/1/96/F1.expansion.html Chagas disease (oxfordjournals.org)].<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Higuchi | first1 = Mde L. | last2 = Benvenuti | first2 = LA. | last3 = Martins Reis | first3 = M. | last4 = Metzger | first4 = M. | title = Pathophysiology of the heart in Chagas' disease: current status and new developments. | journal = Cardiovasc Res | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 96-107 | month = Oct | year = 2003 | doi =  | PMID = 14522411 }}</ref>
 
===IHC===
*Anti–T cruzi immunoperoxidase.<ref name=pmid17339569>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Marin-Neto | first1 = JA. | last2 = Cunha-Neto | first2 = E. | last3 = Maciel | first3 = BC. | last4 = Simões | first4 = MV. | title = Pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease. | journal = Circulation | volume = 115 | issue = 9 | pages = 1109-23 | month = Mar | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296 | PMID = 17339569 |URL = http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/115/9/1109.long }}</ref>


==Cardiac amyloidosis==
==Cardiac amyloidosis==
Michael
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