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*Infection. | *Infection. | ||
**Helicobactor organisms in the [[stomach]]. | **Helicobactor organisms in the [[stomach]]. | ||
***Helicobacter ''not'' seen unless gastric metaplasia is present.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Madsen | first1 = JE. | last2 = Vetvik | first2 = K. | last3 = Aase | first3 = S. | title = Helicobacter-associated duodenitis and gastric metaplasia in duodenal ulcer patients. | journal = APMIS | volume = 99 | issue = 11 | pages = 997-1000 | month = Nov | year = 1991 | doi = | PMID = 1683540 }}</ref> | |||
*Medications ([[NSAID]]s). | *Medications ([[NSAID]]s). | ||
*[[Crohn's disease]] (usually focal/patchy). | *[[Crohn's disease]] (usually focal/patchy). |
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