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# | '''Gout''' is a common benign affliction that can be disabling. It occasionally is seen by pathologists and can be groups with conditions with [[crystals in body fluids]]. | ||
==General== | |||
*Classically afflicts the big toe - known as '''podagra'''. | |||
Etiology:<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8>{{Ref PCPBoD8|634}}</ref> | |||
*Overproduction of uric acid ~ 10% of cases. | |||
*Reduced excretion of uric acid ~ 90% of cases. | |||
**May be genetic, e.g. URAT1 mutation.<ref name=omim607096>{{OMIM|607096}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tin | first1 = A. | last2 = Woodward | first2 = OM. | last3 = Kao | first3 = WH. | last4 = Liu | first4 = CT. | last5 = Lu | first5 = X. | last6 = Nalls | first6 = MA. | last7 = Shriner | first7 = D. | last8 = Semmo | first8 = M. | last9 = Akylbekova | first9 = EL. | title = Genome-wide association study for serum urate concentrations and gout among African Americans identifies genomic risk loci and a novel URAT1 loss-of-function allele. | journal = Hum Mol Genet | volume = 20 | issue = 20 | pages = 4056-68 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1093/hmg/ddr307 | PMID = 21768215 }}</ref> | |||
**Renal failure. | |||
==Gross/radiology== | |||
*Radiologically may mimic ''anconeus epitrochlearis'' muscle.<ref>URL: [http://radiology.casereports.net/index.php/rcr/article/viewArticle/57/213 http://radiology.casereports.net/index.php/rcr/article/viewArticle/57/213]. Accessed on: 7 August 2011.</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref>URL: [http://pathologyoutlines.com/joints.html#gout http://pathologyoutlines.com/joints.html#gout]. Accessed on: 5 August 2011.</ref> | |||
*Tophi (advanced) | |||
**Reactive granulomatous inflammation. | |||
***Surrounds fluffy (cotton candy-like) material. | |||
**Fibrotic synovium. | |||
**Aggregates of urate crystals. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Gouty_tophus_-_low_mag.jpg | Gouty tophus - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Gouty_tophus_-_high_mag.jpg | Gouty tophus - high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
www: | |||
*[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/pinnacle/journals/content/arpa/2002/15432165-126.5/0003-9985%282002%29126%3C0621%3Apqcast%3E2.0.co%3B2/production/images/large/i1543-2165-126-5-621-f01.jpeg Gouty tophus - A. xray, B. Diff-Quick, C. Pap smear, D. polarized light, E. H&E (archivesofpathology.org)]. | |||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case205.html Gout - several images (upmc.edu)]. | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Crystals in body fluids]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||
[[Category:Crystals in body fluids]] | |||