Difference between revisions of "Endometrium"

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Endometrium (view source)

Revision as of 02:28, 16 December 2013

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→‎Atrophic endometrium: split-out
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==Atrophic endometrium==
==Atrophic endometrium==
:''Inactive endometrium'' redirect here.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophy of the endometrium''.
*[[AKA]] ''atrophy of the endometrium''.
*[[AKA]] ''endometrial atrophy''.
*[[AKA]] ''endometrial atrophy''.
===General===
{{Main|Inactive endometrium}}
*Endometrium of normal postmenopausal women.
**Menopause typically happens at around 50 years old.
*Very common diagnosis.
**Atrophy may be associated with bleeding and therefore biopsied to rule-out hyperplasia and malignancy.
 
===Gross===
*Thin endometrium.
 
===Microscopic===
Features:
*Glands - small columnar cells:
**Moderate quantity of eosinophilic cytoplasm.
**Ovoid (palisaded) nuclei +/- nuclear pseudostratification.<ref name=pmid16873562>{{Cite journal  | last1 = McCluggage | first1 = WG. | title = My approach to the interpretation of endometrial biopsies and curettings. | journal = J Clin Pathol | volume = 59 | issue = 8 | pages = 801-12 | month = Aug | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1136/jcp.2005.029702 | PMID = 16873562 | PMC = 1860448 }}</ref>
**Eosinophilic cytoplasm.
**No mitoses.
*Architecture:
**+/-Cystic dilation.
 
Notes:
*If a woman is truly postmenopausal, mitoses in the glandular epithelium is pathologic until demonstrated otherwise.
**The exceptions are [[benign endometrial polyp]], [[uterine prolapse]], and possibly inflammation (e.g. the person has had several biopsy attempts and was seeded with pathogens).
 
DDx:
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]] - esp. if there is pseudostratification.
*[[Serous carcinoma of the endometrium]].
 
Images:
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1860448/figure/fig1/ Atrophic endometrium (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid16873562/>
 
===Sign out===
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM.
- BENIGN SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITH METAPLASTIC CHANGE.
- SCANT ENDOCERVICAL MUCOSA WITH REACTIVE CHANGES.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIUM.
- BENIGN STRIPPED ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM.
- NEGATIVE FOR HYPERPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
 
=====Micro=====
The sections show small fragments of endometrium. The gland-to-stroma ratio is normal. The glands are small and round, and have a pseudostratified epithelium.
 
Mitotic figures are not identified within the glands or stroma. No stromal condensation is apparent. No secretions are in the glands.  No nuclear atypia is apparent.
 
Scant benign endocervical tissue (stripped epithelium and mucosa) is present.
 
====Limited stroma====
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- STRIPPED NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM; NO APPRECIABLE STROMA PRESENT.
- SCANT ENDOCERVICAL EPITHELIUM WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- MINUTE FRAGMENTS OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WITHOUT APPARENT PATHOLOGY.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, BIOPSY:
- SCANT STRIPPED NON-PROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM.
- VERY SMALL FRAGMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL STROMA.
- TUBAL METAPLASTIC EPITHELIUM.
</pre>
 
<pre>
ENDOMETRIUM, ASPIRATION:
- SMALL FRAGMENTS OF NONPROLIFERATIVE ENDOMETRIAL EPITHELIUM ATTACHED TO
  A VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF STROMA.
- MINUTE BENIGN FRAGMENT OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.
- MUCOUS AND INFLAMMATORY CELLS.
 
COMMENT:
The sample is scant given the history of 'thickened endometrium'.
</pre>
 
=====Micro=====
The sections show stripped endometrial epithelium and stripped tubal-type epithelium.
No mitotic activity is identified.  No nuclear atypia is apparent. A small fragment of
definite endometrial stroma is present.  The gland-to-stroma ratio cannot be assessed due
to the limited stroma.


==Endometrial hyperplasia==
==Endometrial hyperplasia==
Michael
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