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Difference between revisions of "CSF cytopathology"
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==Acute bacterial meningitis== | ==Acute bacterial meningitis== | ||
*Neutrophils.<ref name= | *Neutrophils.<ref name=Ref_APBR681>{{Ref APBR|681 (Q25)}}</ref> | ||
==Viral meningitis== | ==Viral meningitis== | ||
*Polymorphous population of lymphocytes.<ref name= | *Polymorphous population of lymphocytes.<ref name=Ref_APBR681/> | ||
==Mollaret's meningitis== | ==Mollaret's meningitis== | ||
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Histology: | Histology: | ||
*Mollaret cells - described as ''monocytoid cells''<ref name= | *Mollaret cells - described as ''monocytoid cells''<ref name=Ref_APBR681/> (look like monocytes<ref>[http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?monocytoid+cell http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?monocytoid+cell]</ref> - but do not phagocytose), and ''large endothelial cells''.<ref name=emed1169489/> | ||
**Features - large cells with: abundant cytoplasm, footprint-shaped" nucleus. | **Features - large cells with: abundant cytoplasm, footprint-shaped" nucleus. | ||
**Mollaret cells ''not'' pathognomonic.<ref name=emed1169489/> | **Mollaret cells ''not'' pathognomonic.<ref name=emed1169489/> | ||
*Mixed population of inflammatory cells<ref name= | *Mixed population of inflammatory cells<ref name=Ref_APBR681/> (PMNs, monocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes); usually lymphocyte predominant.<ref name=emed1169489/> | ||
Image: | Image: | ||
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==CNS lymphoma== | ==CNS lymphoma== | ||
Histology:<ref name= | Histology:<ref name=Ref_APBR681>{{Ref APBR|681 (Q25)}}</ref> | ||
*Too many cells - ''key feature''. | *Too many cells - ''key feature''. | ||
**Not diagnostic... but should raise suspicion. | **Not diagnostic... but should raise suspicion. | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
*Massive karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation) is suggestive of lymphoma<ref name= | *Massive karyorrhexis (nuclear fragmentation) is suggestive of lymphoma<ref name=Ref_APBR681>{{Ref APBR|681 (Q25)}}</ref> - not common. | ||
==CNS fungal infections== | ==CNS fungal infections== | ||
*Cryptococcus is the most common.<ref>APBR | *Cryptococcus is the most common.<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref> | ||
==Cryptococcus infection== | ==Cryptococcus infection== | ||
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Microscopic appearance: | Microscopic appearance: | ||
*Yeast:<ref>APBR | *Yeast:<ref name=Ref_APBR682>{{Ref APBR|682}}</ref> | ||
**Round/ovoid 5-15 micrometres. | **Round/ovoid 5-15 micrometres. | ||
**Thick mucopolysacchardie capsule + refractile centre. | **Thick mucopolysacchardie capsule + refractile centre. | ||