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Difference between revisions of "Placental villous immaturity"
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Placental villous immaturity (view source)
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{{ Infobox diagnosis | |||
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
| Image = Placental_villous_immaturity_-_low_mag.jpg | |||
| Width = | |||
| Caption = Placental villous immaturity. [[H&E stain]]. | |||
| Micro = Increased numbers of intermediate villi (in relation to the gestational age) - increased vascularity and more central vessels, edema, +/-macrophages, less mature terminal villi | |||
| Subtypes = | |||
| LMDDx = [[chorangiosis]], prematurity | |||
| Stains = | |||
| IHC = | |||
| EM = | |||
| Molecular = | |||
| IF = | |||
| Gross = | |||
| Grossing = | |||
| Site = | |||
| Assdx = [[diabetes]] | |||
| Syndromes = [[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]] | |||
| Clinicalhx = | |||
| Signs = | |||
| Symptoms = | |||
| Prevalence = | |||
| Bloodwork = | |||
| Rads = | |||
| Endoscopy = | |||
| Prognosis = | |||
| Other = | |||
| ClinDDx = | |||
}} | |||
'''Placental villous immaturity''', abbreviated ''PVI'', is a relatively common pathology of the [[placenta]]. | |||
It is also known as '''distal villous immaturity''', '''villous immaturity''', and '''villous dysmaturity'''.<ref name=Ref_Placenta_375>{{Ref Placenta|375}}</ref> | |||
==General== | |||
Associated with: | |||
*[[Diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=pmid1856519>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arizawa | first1 = M. | last2 = Nakayama | first2 = M. | last3 = Kidoguchi | first3 = K. | title = [Correlation of placental villous immaturity and dysmaturity with clinical control of maternal diabetes]. | journal = Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi | volume = 43 | issue = 6 | pages = 595-602 | month = Jun | year = 1991 | doi = | PMID = 1856519 }}</ref> | |||
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]]. | |||
*Intrauterine fetal demise near term.<ref name=pmid15138817>{{Cite journal | last1 = Stallmach | first1 = T. | last2 = Hebisch | first2 = G. | title = Placental pathology: its impact on explaining prenatal and perinatal death. | journal = Virchows Arch | volume = 445 | issue = 1 | pages = 9-16 | month = Jul | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1007/s00428-004-1032-2 | PMID = 15138817 }}</ref> | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features:<ref name=Ref_Placenta_375>{{Ref Placenta|375}}</ref> | |||
*Increased numbers of (immature) intermediate villi (in relation to the gestational age) with: | |||
**Increased number of capillaries. | |||
**Edema. | |||
**Macrophages. | |||
**Large diffusion distance (vessel-to-villous surface distance large). | |||
*Less (mature) terminal villi.<ref name=pmid18382864>{{Cite journal | last1 = Daskalakis | first1 = G. | last2 = Marinopoulos | first2 = S. | last3 = Krielesi | first3 = V. | last4 = Papapanagiotou | first4 = A. | last5 = Papantoniou | first5 = N. | last6 = Mesogitis | first6 = S. | last7 = Antsaklis | first7 = A. | title = Placental pathology in women with gestational diabetes. | journal = Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | volume = 87 | issue = 4 | pages = 403-7 | month = | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1080/00016340801908783 | PMID = 18382864 }}</ref> | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Chorangiosis]]. | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Placental_villous_immaturity_-_low_mag.jpg |Placental villous immaturity - low mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Placental_villous_immaturity_-_intermed_mag.jpg |Placental villous immaturity - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Sign out== | |||
===Large placenta and gestational age not provided=== | |||
<pre> | |||
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH: | |||
- LARGE PLACENTA (650 GRAMS -- TRIMMED, POST-FIXATION WEIGHT) | |||
WITH IMMATURE VILLI AND VILLOUS EDEMA, SEE COMMENT. | |||
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
The findings are suggestive of placental villous immaturity. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Gestational age not provided=== | |||
<pre> | |||
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH: | |||
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH IMMATURE VILLI AND VILLOUS EDEMA, SEE COMMENT. | |||
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
COMMENT: | |||
The findings are suggestive of placental villous immaturity. | |||
</pre> | |||
===Gestational age provided by not obvious=== | |||
<pre> | |||
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH: | |||
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH MILDLY LARGE VILLI FOR GESTATIONAL AGE AND FOCAL | |||
VILLOUS EDEMA. | |||
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS. | |||
</pre> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[Diabetes]]. | |||
*[[Placenta]]. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Placenta]] | |||
[[Category:Diagnosis]] | [[Category:Diagnosis]] | ||