Difference between revisions of "Placenta"

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Placenta (view source)

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→‎Placental villous immaturity: split-out
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==Placental villous immaturity==
==Placental villous immaturity==
*[[AKA]] ''distal villous immaturity'', [[AKA]] ''villous immaturity'', [[AKA]] ''villous dysmaturity''.<ref name=Ref_Placenta_375>{{Ref Placenta|375}}</ref>
{{Main|Placental villous immaturity}}
*Abbreviated ''PVI''.
 
===General===
Associated with:
*[[Diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=pmid1856519>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Arizawa | first1 = M. | last2 = Nakayama | first2 = M. | last3 = Kidoguchi | first3 = K. | title = [Correlation of placental villous immaturity and dysmaturity with clinical control of maternal diabetes]. | journal = Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi | volume = 43 | issue = 6 | pages = 595-602 | month = Jun | year = 1991 | doi =  | PMID = 1856519 }}</ref>
*[[Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome]].
*Intrauterine fetal demise near term.<ref name=pmid15138817>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Stallmach | first1 = T. | last2 = Hebisch | first2 = G. | title = Placental pathology: its impact on explaining prenatal and perinatal death. | journal = Virchows Arch | volume = 445 | issue = 1 | pages = 9-16 | month = Jul | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1007/s00428-004-1032-2 | PMID = 15138817 }}</ref>
 
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref name=Ref_Placenta_375>{{Ref Placenta|375}}</ref>
*Increased numbers of (immature) intermediate villi (in relation to the gestational age) with:
**Increased number of capillaries.
**Edema.
**Macrophages.
**Large diffusion distance (vessel-to-villous surface distance large).
*Less (mature) terminal villi.<ref name=pmid18382864>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Daskalakis | first1 = G. | last2 = Marinopoulos | first2 = S. | last3 = Krielesi | first3 = V. | last4 = Papapanagiotou | first4 = A. | last5 = Papantoniou | first5 = N. | last6 = Mesogitis | first6 = S. | last7 = Antsaklis | first7 = A. | title = Placental pathology in women with gestational diabetes. | journal = Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand | volume = 87 | issue = 4 | pages = 403-7 | month =  | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1080/00016340801908783 | PMID = 18382864 }}</ref>
 
DDx:
*[[Chorangiosis]].
 
====Images====
<gallery>
Image:Placental_villous_immaturity_-_low_mag.jpg |Placental villous immaturity - low mag. (WC)
Image:Placental_villous_immaturity_-_intermed_mag.jpg |Placental villous immaturity - intermed. mag. (WC)
</gallery>
 
===Sign out===
====Large placenta and gestational age not provided====
<pre>
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH:
- LARGE PLACENTA (650 GRAMS -- TRIMMED, POST-FIXATION WEIGHT)
  WITH IMMATURE VILLI AND VILLOUS EDEMA, SEE COMMENT.
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
 
COMMENT:
The findings are suggestive of placental villous immaturity.
</pre>
 
====Gestational age not provided====
<pre>
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH:
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH IMMATURE VILLI AND VILLOUS EDEMA, SEE COMMENT.
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
 
COMMENT:
The findings are suggestive of placental villous immaturity.
</pre>
 
====Gestational age provided by not obvious====
<pre>
PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH:
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH MILDLY LARGE VILLI FOR GESTATIONAL AGE AND FOCAL
  VILLOUS EDEMA.
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
</pre>


=Diseases of the placental attachment=
=Diseases of the placental attachment=
Michael
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