Difference between revisions of "Basics"

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51 bytes added ,  13:22, 24 September 2013
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*Memory device ''HMN GEM'': hematologic, melanoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, germ cell, epithelial, mesenchymal.
*Memory device ''HMN GEM'': hematologic, melanoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, germ cell, epithelial, mesenchymal.


===Morphologic grouping===
====Morphologic categorization====
=====Factors to consider=====
Factors to consider when attempting to group by morphology:
Factors to consider when attempting to group by morphology:
#Cell cohesion - dyscohesive vs. cohesive.
#Cell cohesion - dyscohesive vs. cohesive.
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#*Large [[nucleoli]] (nucleoli seen with the 10x objective) pretty much exclude neuroendocrine.
#*Large [[nucleoli]] (nucleoli seen with the 10x objective) pretty much exclude neuroendocrine.


Probable category by morphology:
======Dyscohesive versus cohesive======
*Carcinoma = cohesive, relatively large (>~2X neutrophil), +/-nucleolus, +/-gland formation (circular structures), often moderate to abundant cytoplasm.
*Sarcoma = cohesive, composed of spindle cells (cells taper at both ends, nucleus oval/cigar-shaped).
*Germ cell tumour = appearance often similar to ''carcinoma''.
*Neuroendocrine carcinoma = cohesive, fine granular chromatin and no nucleolus.
*Lymphoma = dyscohesive, relatively small (usually <=2X neutrophil diameter), usu. scant basophilic (blue) cytoplasm.
*Melanoma = classically pigmented, often a prominent [[red nucleolus]], a mix of spindle cells and epithelioid cells, mix of cohesive and dyscohesive cells.
 
====Dyscohesive versus cohesive====
Deciding cells are dyscohesive vs. cohesive is important, as it is a strong determinant of whether one is dealing with a lymphoid lesion or not.
Deciding cells are dyscohesive vs. cohesive is important, as it is a strong determinant of whether one is dealing with a lymphoid lesion or not.


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*Scant cytoplasm.
*Scant cytoplasm.
*Basophilic cytoplasm.
*Basophilic cytoplasm.
=====Probable category by morphology=====
*Carcinoma = cohesive, relatively large (>~2X neutrophil), +/-nucleolus, +/-gland formation (circular structures), often moderate to abundant cytoplasm.
*Sarcoma = cohesive, composed of spindle cells (cells taper at both ends, nucleus oval/cigar-shaped).
*Germ cell tumour = appearance often similar to ''carcinoma''.
*Neuroendocrine carcinoma = cohesive, fine granular chromatin and no nucleolus.
*Lymphoma = dyscohesive, relatively small (usually <=2X neutrophil diameter), usu. scant basophilic (blue) cytoplasm.
*Melanoma = classically pigmented, often a prominent [[red nucleolus]], a mix of spindle cells and epithelioid cells, mix of cohesive and dyscohesive cells.


===Histomorphologic classification===
===Histomorphologic classification===
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