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Difference between revisions of "Bacteria"
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==Actinomycetes== | ==Actinomycetes== | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*IUD needs to be removed if found on a pap test<ref name=Ref_WMSP446>{{Ref WMSP|446}}</ref> - see ''[[Gynecologic cytopathology#Actinomycetes|gynecologic cytopathology]]''. | *[[IUD]] needs to be removed if found on a pap test<ref name=Ref_WMSP446>{{Ref WMSP|446}}</ref> - see ''[[Gynecologic cytopathology#Actinomycetes|gynecologic cytopathology]]''. | ||
*Gram-positive branching rods. | *[[Gram]]-positive branching rods. | ||
*Common in the tonsils. | *Common in the tonsils. | ||
*Part of the large [[Actinobacteria]] group.<ref name=pmid17804669>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ventura | first1 = M. | last2 = Canchaya | first2 = C. | last3 = Tauch | first3 = A. | last4 = Chandra | first4 = G. | last5 = Fitzgerald | first5 = GF. | last6 = Chater | first6 = KF. | last7 = van Sinderen | first7 = D. | title = Genomics of Actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum. | journal = Microbiol Mol Biol Rev | volume = 71 | issue = 3 | pages = 495-548 | month = Sep | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.00005-07 | PMID = 17804669 | PMC = 2168647}}</ref> | *Part of the large [[Actinobacteria]] group.<ref name=pmid17804669>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ventura | first1 = M. | last2 = Canchaya | first2 = C. | last3 = Tauch | first3 = A. | last4 = Chandra | first4 = G. | last5 = Fitzgerald | first5 = GF. | last6 = Chater | first6 = KF. | last7 = van Sinderen | first7 = D. | title = Genomics of Actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum. | journal = Microbiol Mol Biol Rev | volume = 71 | issue = 3 | pages = 495-548 | month = Sep | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.00005-07 | PMID = 17804669 | PMC = 2168647}}</ref> | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
*''Mycete'' = fungus; these organisms have a fungus-like appearance. | *''Mycete'' = fungus; these organisms have a fungus-like appearance. | ||
** Also called ''pseudomycosis''. | |||
===Gross=== | ===Gross=== | ||
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*Sulfur granule may be seen grossly - yellow.<ref name=medsc>URL: [http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-2.htm http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-2.htm]. Accessed on: 14 September 2011.</ref> | *Sulfur granule may be seen grossly - yellow.<ref name=medsc>URL: [http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-2.htm http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mycology/mycology-2.htm]. Accessed on: 14 September 2011.</ref> | ||
Images | ====Images==== | ||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Actinomyces_-_high_mag.jpg | Actinomyces - high mag. (WC) | |||
Image:Actinomyces_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Actinomyces - very high mag. (WC) | |||
File:Actinomycetes_CNS_HE.jpg | Purulent encephalitis with actinomyces in HE. (WC/jensflorian) | |||
File:Actinomycetes_CNS_grocott.jpg | Purulent encephalitis with actinomyces in Grocott. (WC/jensflorian) | |||
</gallery> | |||
*[http://pathology.class.kmu.edu.tw/ch05/Slide42.htm Actinobacteria (kmu.edu.tw)]. | *[http://pathology.class.kmu.edu.tw/ch05/Slide42.htm Actinobacteria (kmu.edu.tw)]. | ||
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*PAS +ve. | *PAS +ve. | ||
**May be confused with a fungus! | **May be confused with a fungus! | ||
*Grocott +ve. | |||
==Helicobacter pylori== | ==Helicobacter pylori== | ||
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==Clostridium difficile== | ==Clostridium difficile== | ||
*Commonly ''C. difficile''. | *Commonly ''C. difficile''. | ||
*Classic cause of [[pseudomembranous colitis]]. | |||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
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===Stains=== | ===Stains=== | ||
*AFB +ve. | *AFB +ve. | ||
Note: | |||
*[[Fite stain]] considered the preferred stain for MAC.<ref name=pmid21327589>{{cite journal |authors=Ilyas S, Youssef D, Chaudhary H, Al-Abbadi MA |title=Myocbacterium-avium intracellulare associated inflammatory pseudotumor of the anterior nasal cavity |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=296–301 |date=September 2011 |pmid=21327589 |pmc=3173547 |doi=10.1007/s12105-011-0248-0 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Coxiella burnetii== | ==Coxiella burnetii== | ||
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*Similar to pyogenic granuloma - ''see [[pyogenic granuloma]]''. | *Similar to pyogenic granuloma - ''see [[pyogenic granuloma]]''. | ||
Features - ''cat-scratch disease'': | Features - ''[[cat-scratch disease]]'': | ||
*Stellate granulomas. | *Stellate granulomas. | ||
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Image: | Image: | ||
*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_culture_negative_endocarditis.jpg Bartonella henselae (WC)]. | *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_culture_negative_endocarditis.jpg Bartonella henselae (WC)]. | ||
==Lactobacillus== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Gram positive bacilli. | |||
*Normal vaginal flora. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features: | |||
*Slender bacilli. | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Lactobacillus_sp_01.png | Lactobacilli. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Pseudomonas== | |||
===General=== | |||
*Gram-negative bacteria. | |||
*Common pathogenic ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa''. | |||
*Community-acquired [[bronchopneumonia]]. | |||
**May be seen under nail - causes green nails.<ref name=pmid23064921>{{Cite journal | last1 = Barankin | first1 = B. | last2 = Levy | first2 = J. | title = Dermacase. Can you identify this condition? Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. | journal = Can Fam Physician | volume = 58 | issue = 10 | pages = 1103-4 | month = Oct | year = 2012 | doi = | PMID = 23064921 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hengge | first1 = UR. | last2 = Bardeli | first2 = V. | title = Images in clinical medicine. Green nails. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 360 | issue = 11 | pages = 1125 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMicm0706497 | PMID = 19279344 }}</ref> | |||
===Gross=== | |||
*Green [[nail]]. | |||
Images: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470509/figure/f1-0581103/ Green nail (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid23064921/> | |||
==Sarcina== | |||
{{Main|Sarcina}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||