Difference between revisions of "Stomach"

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Stomach (view source)

Revision as of 11:14, 3 April 2013

1 byte added ,  11:14, 3 April 2013
move 'adenomatous polyps' to 'neoplastic' subheading --- merge
(move 'adenomatous polyps' to 'neoplastic' subheading --- merge)
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**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gastric_hyperplastic_polyp_%281%29_foveolar_type.jpg Gastric hyperplastic polyp - low mag. (WC)].
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gastric_hyperplastic_polyp_%281%29_foveolar_type.jpg Gastric hyperplastic polyp - low mag. (WC)].
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gastric_hyperplastic_polyp_%283%29_foveolar_type.jpg Gastric hyperplastic polyp - high mag. (WC)].
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gastric_hyperplastic_polyp_%283%29_foveolar_type.jpg Gastric hyperplastic polyp - high mag. (WC)].
==Fundic gland polyp==
*Abbreviated ''FGP''.
===General===
*Most common stomach polyp.<ref name=pmid20567540/>
*''Fundic'' location usually.
**May be in the body.<ref name=pmid20567540>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Spiegel | first1 = A. | last2 = Stein | first2 = P. | last3 = Patel | first3 = M. | last4 = Patel | first4 = R. | last5 = Lebovics | first5 = E. | title = A report of gastric fundic gland polyps. | journal = Gastroenterol Hepatol  (N Y) | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45-8 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi =  | PMID = 20567540 }}</ref>
====Clinical significance====
*Weak association with FAP ([[familial adenomatous polyposis]]).<ref name=pmid20567540/><ref name=pmid18322941>{{cite journal |author=Freeman HJ |title=Proton pump inhibitors and an emerging epidemic of gastric fundic gland polyposis |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1318-20 |year=2008 |month=March |pmid=18322941 |doi= |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/14/1318.asp}}</ref>
*Associated with chronic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use -- approximately 4x risk.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jalving M, Koornstra JJ, Wesseling J, Boezen HM, DE Jong S, Kleibeuker JH |title=Increased risk of fundic gland polyps during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=1341-8 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17059515 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03127.x |url=}}</ref>
Notes:
*Animal studies suggested PPIs cause [[neuroendocrine tumour]]s -- but this has not been found in humans.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Masaoka T, Suzuki H, Hibi T |title=Gastric epithelial cell modality and proton pump inhibitor |journal=J Clin Biochem Nutr |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=191-6 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18545640 |pmc=2386521 |doi=10.3164/jcbn.2008028 |url=}}</ref>
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm]. Accessed on: 19 October 2010.</ref>
*Polypoid shape (may not be appreciated on microscopy).
*Dilated gastric glands.
**Flatted epithelial lining (consisting of normal foveolar epithelium) - '''key feature'''.
Image:
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm Fundic gland polyp (ouhsc.edu)].
Notes:
*The presence of dysplastic changes should prompt consideration of ''FAP''.
===Sign out===
<pre>
POLYP, STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- FUNDIC GLAND POLYP.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
=Neoplastic=
The spectrum from benign to malignant is divided into five:<ref name=pmid10680883>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rugge | first1 = M. | last2 = Correa | first2 = P. | last3 = Dixon | first3 = MF. | last4 = Hattori | first4 = T. | last5 = Leandro | first5 = G. | last6 = Lewin | first6 = K. | last7 = Riddell | first7 = RH. | last8 = Sipponen | first8 = P. | last9 = Watanabe | first9 = H. | title = Gastric dysplasia: the Padova international classification. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 167-76 | month = Feb | year = 2000 | doi =  | PMID = 10680883 }}</ref>
#Benign.
#Indefinite for gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#Low-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#High-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#Gastric carcinoma.


==Adenomatous polyps==
==Adenomatous polyps==
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- NEGATIVE FOR HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA.
</pre>
</pre>
==Fundic gland polyp==
*Abbreviated ''FGP''.
===General===
*Most common stomach polyp.<ref name=pmid20567540/>
*''Fundic'' location usually.
**May be in the body.<ref name=pmid20567540>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Spiegel | first1 = A. | last2 = Stein | first2 = P. | last3 = Patel | first3 = M. | last4 = Patel | first4 = R. | last5 = Lebovics | first5 = E. | title = A report of gastric fundic gland polyps. | journal = Gastroenterol Hepatol  (N Y) | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 45-8 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi =  | PMID = 20567540 }}</ref>
====Clinical significance====
*Weak association with FAP ([[familial adenomatous polyposis]]).<ref name=pmid20567540/><ref name=pmid18322941>{{cite journal |author=Freeman HJ |title=Proton pump inhibitors and an emerging epidemic of gastric fundic gland polyposis |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1318-20 |year=2008 |month=March |pmid=18322941 |doi= |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/14/1318.asp}}</ref>
*Associated with chronic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) use -- approximately 4x risk.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jalving M, Koornstra JJ, Wesseling J, Boezen HM, DE Jong S, Kleibeuker JH |title=Increased risk of fundic gland polyps during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=1341-8 |year=2006 |month=November |pmid=17059515 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03127.x |url=}}</ref>
Notes:
*Animal studies suggested PPIs cause [[neuroendocrine tumour]]s -- but this has not been found in humans.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Masaoka T, Suzuki H, Hibi T |title=Gastric epithelial cell modality and proton pump inhibitor |journal=J Clin Biochem Nutr |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=191-6 |year=2008 |month=May |pmid=18545640 |pmc=2386521 |doi=10.3164/jcbn.2008028 |url=}}</ref>
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref>URL: [http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm]. Accessed on: 19 October 2010.</ref>
*Polypoid shape (may not be appreciated on microscopy).
*Dilated gastric glands.
**Flatted epithelial lining (consisting of normal foveolar epithelium) - '''key feature'''.
Image:
*[http://moon.ouhsc.edu/kfung/jty1/opaq/PathQuiz/A2B001-PQ01-M.htm Fundic gland polyp (ouhsc.edu)].
Notes:
*The presence of dysplastic changes should prompt consideration of ''FAP''.
===Sign out===
<pre>
POLYP, STOMACH, BIOPSY:
- FUNDIC GLAND POLYP.
- NEGATIVE FOR INTESTINAL METAPLASIA.
- NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER-LIKE ORGANISMS.
- NEGATIVE FOR DYSPLASIA AND NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.
</pre>
=Neoplastic=
The spectrum from benign to malignant is divided into five:<ref name=pmid10680883>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Rugge | first1 = M. | last2 = Correa | first2 = P. | last3 = Dixon | first3 = MF. | last4 = Hattori | first4 = T. | last5 = Leandro | first5 = G. | last6 = Lewin | first6 = K. | last7 = Riddell | first7 = RH. | last8 = Sipponen | first8 = P. | last9 = Watanabe | first9 = H. | title = Gastric dysplasia: the Padova international classification. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 167-76 | month = Feb | year = 2000 | doi =  | PMID = 10680883 }}</ref>
#Benign.
#Indefinite for gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#Low-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#High-grade gastric epithelial dysplasia.
#Gastric carcinoma.


==Gastric columnar dysplasia==
==Gastric columnar dysplasia==
Michael
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