Difference between revisions of "Urothelium"

**Often under-diagnosed (~15% in one series) when reassessed by experts.<ref name=pmid20670136>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Miyamoto | first1 = H. | last2 = Brimo | first2 = F. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = L. | last4 = Ye | first4 = H. | last5 = Miller | first5 = JS. | last6 = Fajardo | first6 = DA. | last7 = Lee | first7 = TK. | last8 = Epstein | first8 = JI. | last9 = Netto | first9 = GJ. | title = Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of a post-World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification cohort from a single academic center. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 134 | issue = 8 | pages = 1160-3 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1043/2009-0403-OA.1 | PMID = 20670136 }}</ref>

**Often under-diagnosed (~15% in one series) when reassessed by experts.<ref name=pmid20670136>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Miyamoto | first1 = H. | last2 = Brimo | first2 = F. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = L. | last4 = Ye | first4 = H. | last5 = Miller | first5 = JS. | last6 = Fajardo | first6 = DA. | last7 = Lee | first7 = TK. | last8 = Epstein | first8 = JI. | last9 = Netto | first9 = GJ. | title = Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of a post-World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification cohort from a single academic center. | journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med | volume = 134 | issue = 8 | pages = 1160-3 | month = Aug | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1043/2009-0403-OA.1 | PMID = 20670136 }}</ref>

**The three most predictive features of high-grade are ''architectural complexity'', ''nuclear size variation'', and ''absence of umbrella cells''.<ref name=pmid21980608>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Isfoss | first1 = BL. | last2 = Majak | first2 = B. | last3 = Busch | first3 = C. | last4 = Braathen | first4 = GJ. | title = Simplification of grading papillary urothelial neoplasia using a reduced set of diagnostic features. | journal = Anal Quant Cytol Histol | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 68-74 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi =  | PMID = 21980608 }}</ref>

**The three most predictive features of high-grade are ''architectural complexity'', ''nuclear size variation'', and ''absence of umbrella cells''.<ref name=pmid21980608>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Isfoss | first1 = BL. | last2 = Majak | first2 = B. | last3 = Busch | first3 = C. | last4 = Braathen | first4 = GJ. | title = Simplification of grading papillary urothelial neoplasia using a reduced set of diagnostic features. | journal = Anal Quant Cytol Histol | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 68-74 | month = Apr | year = 2011 | doi =  | PMID = 21980608 }}</ref>

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