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Difference between revisions of "Anus"
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The '''anus''' occasionally shows-up on the pathologists desk. It sometimes comes with the rectum and [[colon]], as an abdominoperoneal resection (APR). | The '''anus''' occasionally shows-up on the pathologists desk. It sometimes comes with the rectum and [[colon]], as an abdominoperoneal resection (APR). | ||
=Anal neoplasia= | |||
Immunosuppressed individuals and homosexuals have a higher risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer.<ref name=pmid20461117>{{cite journal |author=Park IU, Palefsky JM |title=Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=126–133 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20461117 |pmc=2860554 |doi=10.1007/s11908-010-0090-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid21083999>{{cite journal |author=Czoski-Murray C, Karnon J, Jones R, Smith K, Kinghorn G |title=Cost-effectiveness of screening high-risk HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-positive women for anal cancer |journal=Health Technol Assess |volume=14 |issue=53 |pages=1–131 |year=2010 |month=November |pmid=21083999 |doi=10.3310/hta14530 |url=}}</ref> | Immunosuppressed individuals and homosexuals have a higher risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer.<ref name=pmid20461117>{{cite journal |author=Park IU, Palefsky JM |title=Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men |journal=Curr Infect Dis Rep |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=126–133 |year=2010 |month=March |pmid=20461117 |pmc=2860554 |doi=10.1007/s11908-010-0090-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name=pmid21083999>{{cite journal |author=Czoski-Murray C, Karnon J, Jones R, Smith K, Kinghorn G |title=Cost-effectiveness of screening high-risk HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-positive women for anal cancer |journal=Health Technol Assess |volume=14 |issue=53 |pages=1–131 |year=2010 |month=November |pmid=21083999 |doi=10.3310/hta14530 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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*Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN). | *Low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN). | ||
=Anal cancer= | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] - most common. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] - most common. | ||
*[[Malignant melanoma]]. | *[[Malignant melanoma]]. | ||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]] from the [[rectum]]. | *[[Adenocarcinoma]] from the [[rectum]]. | ||
==Anal gland adenocarcinoma== | |||
*[[AKA]] ''anal adenocarcinoma''. | |||
===General=== | |||
*Rare. | |||
Risk factors:<ref name=pmid8085101>{{Cite journal | last1 = Tarazi | first1 = R. | last2 = Nelson | first2 = RL. | title = Anal adenocarcinoma: a comprehensive review. | journal = Semin Surg Oncol | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 235-40 | month = | year = | doi = | PMID = 8085101 }}</ref> | |||
*Anal [[Crohn's disease]]. | |||
*Chronic anal fistula. | |||
*Anal sexual intercourse. | |||
===Microscopic=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid22690260/> | |||
*Adenocarcinoma within the anal wall but not within the mucosa, i.e. extramucosal and intramural. | |||
**The Tumour lies beneath the squamous mucosa. | |||
DDx: | |||
*[[Rectal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
Image: | |||
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369602/figure/F1/ Anal adenocarcinoma (nih.gov)].<ref name=pmid22690260>{{Cite journal | last1 = Warsch | first1 = S. | last2 = Bayraktar | first2 = UD. | last3 = Wen | first3 = BC. | last4 = Zeitouni | first4 = J. | last5 = Marchetti | first5 = F. | last6 = Rocha-Lima | first6 = CM. | last7 = Montero | first7 = AJ. | title = Successful treatment of anal gland adenocarcinoma with combined modality therapy. | journal = Gastrointest Cancer Res | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 64-6 | month = Mar | year = 2012 | doi = | PMID = 22690260 }}</ref> | |||
===IHC=== | |||
Features:<ref name=pmid22690260/> | |||
*CK7 +ve. | |||
*CK20 -ve. | |||
*CDX2 -ve. | |||
*p63 -ve. | |||
*PSA -ve. | |||
=Benign disease= | |||
==Hidradenoma papilliferum== | ==Hidradenoma papilliferum== | ||
:See ''[[Hidradenoma papilliferum]]''. | :See ''[[Hidradenoma papilliferum]]''. | ||
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*[http://www.profimedia.si/picture/longitudinal-section-of-human-rectum-hemorrhoid-tissue/0039860546/ Hemorrhoids (profimedia.si)]. | *[http://www.profimedia.si/picture/longitudinal-section-of-human-rectum-hemorrhoid-tissue/0039860546/ Hemorrhoids (profimedia.si)]. | ||
=See also= | |||
*[[Colon]]. | *[[Colon]]. | ||
*[[Dermatopathology]]. | *[[Dermatopathology]]. | ||
=References= | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]] | [[Category:Gastrointestinal pathology]] | ||