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Difference between revisions of "Heart valves"
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====Organisms==== | ====Organisms==== | ||
Most common organism overall: | |||
*''Staphylococcus aureus''.<ref name=pmid12092480>{{Cite journal | last1 = Petti | first1 = CA. | last2 = Fowler | first2 = VG. | title = Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. | journal = Infect Dis Clin North Am | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 413-35, x-xi | month = Jun | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12092480 }}</ref> | |||
Organisms associated with particular clinical scenarios: | |||
*IV drug users = ''Staphylococcus aureus''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_298>{{Ref PCPBoD8|298}}</ref> | *IV drug users = ''Staphylococcus aureus''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_298>{{Ref PCPBoD8|298}}</ref> | ||
*No risk factors/normal valve = ''Streptococcus viridans''. | *No risk factors/normal valve = ''Streptococcus viridans''. | ||
*Prosthetic valves = ''Staphylococcus epidermidis''.<ref name=pmid19660339>{{Cite journal | last1 = Alonso-Valle | first1 = H. | last2 = Fariñas-Alvarez | first2 = C. | last3 = García-Palomo | first3 = JD. | last4 = Bernal | first4 = JM. | last5 = Martín-Durán | first5 = R. | last6 = Gutiérrez Díez | first6 = JF. | last7 = Revuelta | first7 = JM. | last8 = Fariñas | first8 = MC. | title = Clinical course and predictors of death in prosthetic valve endocarditis over a 20-year period. | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 139 | issue = 4 | pages = 887-93 | month = Apr | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.05.042 | PMID = 19660339 }}</ref> | *Prosthetic valves = ''Staphylococcus epidermidis''.<ref name=pmid19660339>{{Cite journal | last1 = Alonso-Valle | first1 = H. | last2 = Fariñas-Alvarez | first2 = C. | last3 = García-Palomo | first3 = JD. | last4 = Bernal | first4 = JM. | last5 = Martín-Durán | first5 = R. | last6 = Gutiérrez Díez | first6 = JF. | last7 = Revuelta | first7 = JM. | last8 = Fariñas | first8 = MC. | title = Clinical course and predictors of death in prosthetic valve endocarditis over a 20-year period. | journal = J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | volume = 139 | issue = 4 | pages = 887-93 | month = Apr | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.05.042 | PMID = 19660339 }}</ref> | ||
Organisms that less commonly cause ''IE'' are known as the ''HASEK group'':<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_298>{{Ref PCPBoD8|298}}</ref> | |||
*'''''H'''aemophilus'' (''Haemophilus parainfluenzae'', ''Haemophilus aphrophilus'', ''Haemophilus paraphrophilus''). | *'''''H'''aemophilus'' (''Haemophilus parainfluenzae'', ''Haemophilus aphrophilus'', ''Haemophilus paraphrophilus''). | ||
*'''''A'''ctinobacillus'' (''Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans'', ''Aggregatibacter aphrophilus'' | *'''''A'''ctinobacillus'' (''Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans'', ''Aggregatibacter aphrophilus''). | ||
*'''''C'''ardiobacterium hominis. | *'''''C'''ardiobacterium hominis. | ||
*'''''E'''ikenella corrodens''. | *'''''E'''ikenella corrodens''. † | ||
*'''''K'''ingella'' (''Kingella kingae''). | *'''''K'''ingella'' (''Kingella kingae''). | ||
Notes: | |||
* † ''Enterococci'' are not included in this list but are lumped with the ''HACEK organisms''.<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_298>{{Ref PCPBoD8|298}}</ref> | |||
====Clinical==== | ====Clinical==== | ||