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Difference between revisions of "Endometriosis"
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==General== | ==General== | ||
Clinical | ===Pathophysiology=== | ||
*A cause of infertility. | There are several theories for endometriosis, i.e. how it is that endometrial tissue gets found outside of the uterus: | ||
*Retrograde menstruation - probably the most common.<ref name=pmid3945444/> | |||
*Ectopic endometrial tissue.<ref name=pmid19358700>{{Cite journal | last1 = Signorile | first1 = PG. | last2 = Baldi | first2 = F. | last3 = Bussani | first3 = R. | last4 = D'Armiento | first4 = M. | last5 = De Falco | first5 = M. | last6 = Baldi | first6 = A. | title = Ectopic endometrium in human foetuses is a common event and sustains the theory of müllerianosis in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a disease that predisposes to cancer. | journal = J Exp Clin Cancer Res | volume = 28 | issue = | pages = 49 | month = | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1186/1756-9966-28-49 | PMID = 19358700 }}</ref> | |||
*Coelomic metaplasia. | |||
*Hematogenous spread or lymphatic spread. | |||
===Clinical=== | |||
*A significant cause of infertility. | |||
*A cause of pelvic pain. | *A cause of pelvic pain. | ||
*Affects approximately 10% of women of child bearing age. | *Affects approximately 10% of women of child bearing age. | ||
*Associated with moderate elevation of (serum) CA-125. | *Associated with moderate elevation of (serum) CA-125. | ||
===Tumours associated with endometriosis=== | ===Tumours associated with endometriosis=== | ||
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*Decreased: [[cervical cancer]]. | *Decreased: [[cervical cancer]]. | ||
=== | Rare stuff: | ||
*There case reports of endometriosis in men on estrogen therapy for prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid22104297>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fukunaga | first1 = M. | title = Paratesticular endometriosis in a man with a prolonged hormonal therapy for prostatic carcinoma. | journal = Pathol Res Pract | volume = 208 | issue = 1 | pages = 59-61 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.prp.2011.10.007 | PMID = 22104297 }}</ref><ref name=pmid2418693>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beckman | first1 = EN. | last2 = Pintado | first2 = SO. | last3 = Leonard | first3 = GL. | last4 = Sternberg | first4 = WH. | title = Endometriosis of the prostate. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 374-9 | month = May | year = 1985 | doi = | PMID = 2418693 }}</ref> | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||