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Difference between revisions of "Endometriosis"
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*There case reports of endometriosis in men on estrogen therapy for prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid22104297>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fukunaga | first1 = M. | title = Paratesticular endometriosis in a man with a prolonged hormonal therapy for prostatic carcinoma. | journal = Pathol Res Pract | volume = 208 | issue = 1 | pages = 59-61 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.prp.2011.10.007 | PMID = 22104297 }}</ref><ref name=pmid2418693>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beckman | first1 = EN. | last2 = Pintado | first2 = SO. | last3 = Leonard | first3 = GL. | last4 = Sternberg | first4 = WH. | title = Endometriosis of the prostate. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 374-9 | month = May | year = 1985 | doi = | PMID = 2418693 }}</ref> | *There case reports of endometriosis in men on estrogen therapy for prostate cancer.<ref name=pmid22104297>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fukunaga | first1 = M. | title = Paratesticular endometriosis in a man with a prolonged hormonal therapy for prostatic carcinoma. | journal = Pathol Res Pract | volume = 208 | issue = 1 | pages = 59-61 | month = Jan | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1016/j.prp.2011.10.007 | PMID = 22104297 }}</ref><ref name=pmid2418693>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beckman | first1 = EN. | last2 = Pintado | first2 = SO. | last3 = Leonard | first3 = GL. | last4 = Sternberg | first4 = WH. | title = Endometriosis of the prostate. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | pages = 374-9 | month = May | year = 1985 | doi = | PMID = 2418693 }}</ref> | ||
===Associated tumours=== | |||
Endometriosis is associated with gynecologic tumours: | |||
#[[Endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the ovary]].<ref name=pmid18707869>{{cite journal |author=Nagle CM, Olsen CM, Webb PM, Jordan SJ, Whiteman DC, Green AC |title=Endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers: a comparative analysis of risk factors |journal=Eur. J. Cancer |volume=44 |issue=16 |pages=2477-84 |year=2008 |month=November |pmid=18707869 |doi=10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.009 |url=}}</ref> | |||
#[[Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary]].<ref name=pmid18834345>{{cite journal |author=Kawaguchi R, Tsuji Y, Haruta S, ''et al.'' |title=Clinicopathologic features of ovarian cancer in patients with ovarian endometrioma |journal=J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=872–7 |year=2008 |month=October |pmid=18834345 |doi=10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00849.x |url=}}</ref> | |||
#Endocervical-like mucinous borderline tumour (EMBT).<ref name=pmid16228656>{{cite journal |author=Moriya T, Mikami Y, Sakamoto K, ''et al.'' |title=Endocervical-like mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary: clinicopathological features and electron microscopic findings |journal=Med Electron Microsc |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=240–6 |year=2003 |month=December |pmid=16228656 |doi=10.1007/s00795-003-0221-4 |url=}}</ref> | |||
#*Mixture of EMBT and serous borderline tumor = [[seromucinous borderline tumour]]. | |||
Other tumours & decreased risk:<ref>URL: [http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/3890.php http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/3890.php]. Accessed on: 26 September 2011.</ref> | |||
*Increased: endocrine tumours, [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]], [[brain tumours]]. | |||
*Decreased: [[cervical cancer]]. | |||
===Pathophysiology=== | |||
There are several theories for endometriosis, i.e. how it is that endometrial tissue gets found outside of the uterus: | |||
*Retrograde menstruation - probably the most common.<ref name=pmid3945444/> | |||
*Ectopic endometrial tissue.<ref name=pmid19358700>{{Cite journal | last1 = Signorile | first1 = PG. | last2 = Baldi | first2 = F. | last3 = Bussani | first3 = R. | last4 = D'Armiento | first4 = M. | last5 = De Falco | first5 = M. | last6 = Baldi | first6 = A. | title = Ectopic endometrium in human foetuses is a common event and sustains the theory of müllerianosis in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, a disease that predisposes to cancer. | journal = J Exp Clin Cancer Res | volume = 28 | issue = | pages = 49 | month = | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1186/1756-9966-28-49 | PMID = 19358700 }}</ref> | |||
*Coelomic metaplasia. | |||
*Hematogenous spread or lymphatic spread. | |||
==Gross== | ==Gross== | ||
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*[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endometriosis_lymph_node_-_2_-_intermed_mag.jpg Endometriosis in a lymph node - intermed. mag. (WC)]. | *[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Endometriosis_lymph_node_-_2_-_intermed_mag.jpg Endometriosis in a lymph node - intermed. mag. (WC)]. | ||
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case375.html Endometriosis - several images (upmc.edu)]. | *[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case375.html Endometriosis - several images (upmc.edu)]. | ||
==Immunohistochemical stains== | ==Immunohistochemical stains== | ||