Difference between revisions of "Colon"

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270 bytes added ,  01:55, 10 April 2012
→‎Ischemic colitis: expand rework
(→‎Ischemic colitis: expand rework)
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==Ischemic colitis==
==Ischemic colitis==
*[[AKA]] ''colonic ischemia''.
*[[AKA]] ''ischemia of the colon''.
===General===
===General===
*A subset of ''[[bowel ischemia]]'' - includes:
**[[Necrotizing enteritis]] - small bowel only.
**[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]] - small and large bowel.
Etiology:
Etiology:
*Vascular:
*Vascular:
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**[[Vasculitis]].
**[[Vasculitis]].
**Embolization, e.g. thrombotic.
**Embolization, e.g. thrombotic.
Possible associated pathology.
*[[Necrotizing enteritis]] - necrosis of the small bowel only.
*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]] - necrosis of the small and large bowel.


Closely related:
Closely related:
*Radiation colitis.
*Radiation colitis.
*Infective colitis.
*Infective colitis.
Note:
*Ischemia = compromised blood supply.


===Gross===
===Gross===
Features:<ref name=Ref_PBoD852>{{Ref PBoD|852}}</ref>
Features - location:<ref name=Ref_PBoD852>{{Ref PBoD|852}}</ref>
*Luminal part (mucosa & submucosa) affected.
*Luminal part (mucosa & submucosa) affected - edema.
*Splenic flexture of colon commonly affected (vascular watershed).
*Splenic flexture of colon commonly affected (vascular watershed).


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**Necrotizing infections.
**Necrotizing infections.
**... anything that causes severe mucosal injury.  
**... anything that causes severe mucosal injury.  
 
*Radiologic correlate = bowel wall thickening.
====Radiologic correlate====
*Bowel wall thickening.


===Microscopic===
===Microscopic===
Features:<ref>Kirsch, R. 8 August 2011.</ref>
Features:
*Crypt loss.
*Crypt loss/drop-out.
*Lamina propria fibrosis.
**Less intestinal crypts present.
*Withering crypts.
**Colonic epithelium has decreased cytoplasm.
*Lamina propria hyalinization.
**Dense pink material replaces loose connective tissue.
*Submucosa fibrosis.
*Submucosa fibrosis.
*+/-Pseudomembranes (microscopic):<ref name=Ref_PBoD837-8>{{Ref PBoD|837-8}}</ref>
*+/-Pseudomembranes (microscopic):<ref name=Ref_PBoD837-8>{{Ref PBoD|837-8}}</ref>
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