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(147 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
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=Site= | =Site= | ||
==Bone & cartilage== | |||
===General=== | |||
Benign - bone: | |||
*[[Aneurysmal bone cyst]]. | |||
*[[Brown tumour]]. | |||
*[[Paget's disease of bone]]. | |||
*[[Osteomyelitis]]. | |||
*[[Fibrous dysplasia]]. | |||
Benign - bone tumours: | |||
*[[Osteoid osteoma]]. | |||
*[[Osteoblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Osteochondroma]]. | |||
*[[Adamantinoma]]. | |||
Benign - cartilage: | |||
*[[Chondroma]]. | |||
*[[Enchondroma]]. | |||
*[[Chondroblastoma]]. | |||
Malignant - bone: | |||
*[[Fracture of bone due to metastatic carcinoma|Metastatic carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Giant cell tumour of bone]]. | |||
Malignant - cartilage: | |||
*[[Chondrosarcoma]]. | |||
Unusual genetic conditions: | |||
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | |||
*[[Gaucher disease]]. | |||
===Femoral head=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Osteoarthritis]]. | |||
*[[Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]]. | |||
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign (fracture): | |||
*Trauma. | |||
*[[Osteoporosis]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign pediatric: | |||
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE). | |||
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant (fracture): | |||
*[[Metastasis]]. | |||
==Breast pathology== | ==Breast pathology== | ||
Benign - common: | Benign - common: | ||
Line 10: | Line 61: | ||
*[[Fibroadenoma]]. | *[[Fibroadenoma]]. | ||
*[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | *[[Phyllodes tumour]]. | ||
*[[Intraductal papilloma]]. | *[[Intraductal papilloma of the breast]]. | ||
*[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | *[[Florid epithelial hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | *[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | ||
Line 18: | Line 69: | ||
*[[Complex sclerosing lesion]]. | *[[Complex sclerosing lesion]]. | ||
*Breast abscess. | *Breast abscess. | ||
*Breast with fat necrosis. | *[[Fat_necrosis_of_the_breast|Breast with fat necrosis]]. | ||
*[[Microglandular adenosis]]. | *[[Microglandular adenosis]]. | ||
*[[Collagenous spherulosis]]. | *[[Collagenous spherulosis]]. | ||
Line 62: | Line 113: | ||
**Small vessel: | **Small vessel: | ||
***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ***[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]. | ||
***[[Wegener granulomatosis | ***[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Wegener's granulomatosis). | ||
***[[Churg-Strauss syndrome | ***[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Churg-Strauss syndrome). | ||
***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ***[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | ||
*[[Amyloid]] deposition. | *[[Amyloid]] deposition. | ||
Line 73: | Line 124: | ||
*[[Aortic dissection]]. | *[[Aortic dissection]]. | ||
**[[Cystic medial degeneration]]. | **[[Cystic medial degeneration]]. | ||
**Traumatic dissection. | **Traumatic dissection - see ''[[blunt force injury]]''. | ||
*Mycotic aneurysm. | *Mycotic aneurysm. | ||
Line 101: | Line 152: | ||
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]]. | *[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiosarcoma]]. | *[[Angiosarcoma]]. | ||
==Dermatopathology== | |||
Benign - non-melanocytic: | |||
*[[Epidermal inclusion cyst]]. | |||
*[[Pilar cyst]]. | |||
*[[Steatocystoma]]. | |||
*[[Lipoma]]. | |||
*[[Dermatofibroma]]. | |||
*[[Dermal scar]]. | |||
*[[Trichoepithelioma]] ([[trichoblastoma]]). | |||
*[[Clear cell acanthoma]]. | |||
*[[Leiomyoma]]. | |||
Benign melanocytic lesions: | |||
*[[Intradermal nevus]]. | |||
*[[Junctional nevus]]. | |||
*[[Congenital nevus]]. | |||
*[[Clark nevus]]. | |||
*[[Spitz nevus]]. | |||
*[[Pigmented spindle cell nevus of Reed]]. | |||
*[[Blue nevus]]. | |||
Inflammatory skin lesions: | |||
*[[Bullous diseases]]: | |||
**[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]. | |||
**[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]. | |||
*Interface dermatitis: | |||
**[[Lupus erythematosus]]. | |||
**[[Lichen planus]]. | |||
*Nodular & diffuse: | |||
**[[Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
**[[Granuloma annulare]]. | |||
**[[Necrobiosis lipoidica]]. | |||
*Psoriasiform diseases: | |||
**[[Psoriasis vulgaris]]. | |||
**[[Lichen simplex chronicus]]. | |||
*[[Panniculitis]]: | |||
**[[Erythema nodosum]]. | |||
**[[Erythema induratum]]. | |||
*[[Vasculitides]]: | |||
**[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Basal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Malignant melanoma]]. | |||
*[[Merkel cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans]]. | |||
*[[Atypical fibroxanthoma]]. | |||
*[[Leiomyosarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Metastasis]]. | |||
==Endocrine pathology== | ==Endocrine pathology== | ||
Line 107: | Line 209: | ||
*[[Nodular hyperplasia]]. | *[[Nodular hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | *[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | ||
**[[Hashimoto thyroiditis]]. | |||
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP). | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Hyalinizing trabecular tumour]]. | |||
*[[Subacute thyroiditis]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]] | *[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]]. | ||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
Malignant - uncommon: | |||
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma | *[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant]]. | ||
*Papillary thyroid carcinoma | *[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant]]. | ||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma cribriform-morular variant]]. | |||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma diffuse sclerosing variant]]. | |||
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]. | *[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]]. | *[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]]. | ||
===Thyroid gland - cytology=== | |||
*Benign. | |||
*[[Follicular lesion of undetermined significance]] (FLUS). | |||
*[[Follicular neoplasm]]. | |||
*Suspicious for malignancy. | |||
*Malignant, e.g. [[Thyroid_cytopathology#Papillary_carcinoma|papillary thyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
*Nondiagnostic ''or'' unsatisfactory. | |||
===Parathyroid gland=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Parathyroid hyperplasia]]. | |||
*[[Parathyroid adenoma]]. | |||
Malignant - rare: | |||
*[[Parathyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
===Adrenal gland=== | ===Adrenal gland=== | ||
Line 122: | Line 249: | ||
*[[Adrenal myelolipoma]]. | *[[Adrenal myelolipoma]]. | ||
*[[Hemorrhagic adrenalitis]] (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome). | *[[Hemorrhagic adrenalitis]] (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome). | ||
*[[Adrenal ganglioneuroma]]. | |||
*[[Neuroblastoma]] - [[pediatric pathology]]. | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]. | *[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]. | *[[Pheochromocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Metastasis]]. | |||
*[[ | |||
==Gastrointestinal pathology== | ==Gastrointestinal pathology== | ||
===Gastrointestinal polyp=== | ===Gastrointestinal polyp=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
Line 179: | Line 266: | ||
Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Tubular adenoma]]. | *[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Villous adenoma]]. | *[[Villous adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | *[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | ||
Line 186: | Line 273: | ||
Uncommon - pre-malignant: | Uncommon - pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]]. | *[[Traditional serrated adenoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile polyp]]. | |||
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
**[[Gastrointestinal_tract_polyps#Colorectal_adenocarcinoma|Colorectal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Esophagus=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | |||
*[[Barrett esophagus]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Candida esophagitis]]. | |||
*[[Herpes esophagitis]]. | |||
Tumour: | |||
*[[Leiomyoma]]. | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]] - may be malignant. | |||
*[[Granular cell tumour]] - may be malignant. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]] | |||
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Stomach=== | ===Stomach=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis. | *[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]]. | ||
*Intestinal metaplasia. | *[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]]. | ||
*[[Chronic gastritis]]. | *[[Chronic gastritis]]. | ||
*[[Acute gastritis]]. | *[[Acute gastritis]]. | ||
Line 198: | Line 313: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type. | *Epithelial: | ||
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma. | **Adenocarcinoma, intestinal-type. | ||
*[[GIST]]. | **Adenocarcinoma, diffuse-type. | ||
***[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]]. | |||
**Metastatic carcinoma. | |||
**[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
*Mesenchymal: | |||
**[[GIST]]. | |||
*Hematopoietic: | |||
**[[MALT lymphoma]]. | |||
**[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]. | |||
**[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
===Duodenum=== | ===Duodenum=== | ||
Line 208: | Line 332: | ||
Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Tubular adenoma]]. | *[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
* | *[[Duodenal adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon benign: | Uncommon benign: | ||
*[[Gastric heterotopia of the duodenum]]. | |||
*[[Peptic ulcer disease]]. | |||
*[[Acute duodenitis]]. | |||
*[[Giardiasis]]. | *[[Giardiasis]]. | ||
*[[Whipple disease]]. | *[[Whipple disease]]. | ||
*MAI infection. | *[[MAI]] infection. | ||
*[[Pseudomelanosis duodeni]]. | |||
===Colon/rectum=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*Normal. | |||
*[[Colitis]]. | |||
**[[IBD]] - [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]]. | |||
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]]. | |||
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Villous adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Sessile serrated adenoma]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon infectious: | |||
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]. | |||
*[[Cytomegalovirus colitis]]. | |||
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | |||
*[[Strongyloidiasis]]. | |||
*[[Intestinal spirochetosis]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]. | |||
*[[Collagenous colitis]]. | |||
*[[Inflammatory polyp]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile polyp]]. | |||
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]]. | |||
*[[Solitary rectal ulcer]]. | |||
*[[Melanosis coli]]. | |||
*[[Radiation colitis]]. | |||
*[[Diversion colitis]]. | |||
Tumour: | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Schwannoma]]. | |||
*[[Lipoma]]. | |||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
**Medullary carcinoma. | |||
**Mucinous carcinoma. | |||
**Signet ring carcinoma. | |||
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | |||
*[[metastases|Metastatic tumours]]. | |||
====Appendix==== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Appendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Periappendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Crohn's disease]]. | |||
*Normal. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Enterobius vermicularis]]. | |||
*[[Granulomatous appendicitis]]. | |||
Neoplasm: | |||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
*[[Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm]] (LAMN). | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix]]. | |||
*[[Goblet cell carcinoid]]. | |||
===Liver=== | ===Liver=== | ||
Line 224: | Line 414: | ||
*[[Hepatitis B]]. | *[[Hepatitis B]]. | ||
*[[Hepatitis C]]. | *[[Hepatitis C]]. | ||
Benign - tumour: | |||
*Hepatic hemangioma. | |||
*[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]]. | |||
*[[Hepatocellular adenoma]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
* | *[[Liver metastasis]] - usually [[metastatic]] [[adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | *[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon benign: | Uncommon benign: | ||
*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]]. | |||
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | *[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], | *[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], especially in the context of [[UC]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary | *[[Primary biliary cholangitis]]. | ||
*[[Wilson's disease]]. | *[[Wilson's disease]]. | ||
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | *[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | ||
*[[ | *Hepatic infarct. | ||
*[[Hepatitis A]]. | |||
Uncommon malignant: | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiosarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma]]. | |||
===Gallbladder=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Cholelithiasis]]. | |||
*[[Cholesterolosis]]. | |||
*[[Acute cholecystitis]]. | |||
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]]. | |||
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]]. | |||
Uncommon - pre-malignant: | |||
*[[Gallbladder adenoma]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Carcinoma of the gallbladder]]. | |||
==Genitourinary pathology== | ==Genitourinary pathology== | ||
===Tumour kidney=== | ===Tumour kidney=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *[[Normal kidney]]. | ||
*[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | *[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | *[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | ||
*Papillary adenoma. | *[[Papillary adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell papillary renal cell tumour]] (previously ''clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma'' or ''clear cell tubulopapillary renal cell carcinoma''). | |||
*[[Renal medullary fibroma]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant - common: | ||
*[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | *[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
Malignant - less common: | |||
*[[Collecting duct carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal tumour with Xp11.2 translocation]]. | |||
*[[SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[SDH-deficient renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumour]]. | |||
*[[Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Unclassified renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[ALK-rearranged renal cell carcinoma]]. | |||
Possibly benign: | |||
*[[Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]. | *[[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]. | ||
*[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic vacuolated tumour]]. | |||
*[[Mixed epithelial stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Cystic nephroma]]. | |||
*[[Metanephric adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Low-grade oncocytic tumour]]. | |||
Children - tumours: | |||
*[[Wilms tumour]]. | |||
*[[Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney]]. | |||
*[[Metanephric stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Metanephric adenofibroma]]. | |||
*[[Mesoblastic nephroma]]. | |||
*[[Renal rhabdoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Renal tumour with t(6;11) translocation]]. | |||
===Medical kidney=== | ===Medical kidney=== | ||
Important/common: | |||
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | *[[Diabetic nephropathy]]. | ||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]. | ||
Nephrotic syndrome: | |||
*[[Minimal change disease]]. | |||
*[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Membranous nephropathy]]. | |||
Nephritic syndrome: | |||
*[[Post-infectious glomerulonephritis]]. | |||
*[[IgA nephropathy]]. | |||
*[[Lupus nephritis]]. | |||
*[[Antiglomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]. | |||
Mixed presentation: | |||
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]] (MPGN). | |||
Cystic disease: | |||
*[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]] (ADPKD). | |||
*[[Acquired renal cystic disease]]. | |||
*[[Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease]]. | |||
Others: | |||
*[[Fibrillary glomerulopathy]]. | |||
*[[Renal amyloidosis]]. | |||
*[[Thin glomerular basement membrane disease]]. | |||
*[[Alport syndrome]]. | |||
*[[Fabry disease|Fabry's disease]]. | |||
*[[Thrombotic microangiopathy]]. | |||
*[[End-stage kidney]]. | |||
===Prostate gland=== | ===Prostate gland=== | ||
Line 267: | Line 544: | ||
*Acute inflammation. | *Acute inflammation. | ||
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only). | ||
*[[Granulomatous prostatitis]]. | |||
Pre-malignant: | |||
*[[High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]]. | |||
Suspicious: | |||
*[[Atypical small acinar proliferation]] (atypical glands, suspicious). | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Acinar adenocarcinoma. | *[[Prostate adenocarcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Waffle category: | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal tumour of uncertain malignant potential]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Ductal adenocarcinoma. | *[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate]]. | ||
*Urothelial carcinoma. | *Urothelial carcinoma. | ||
*[[Mucinous prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic signet ring cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Sarcomatoid prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland]]. | |||
*[[Adenoid cystic/basal cell carcinoma of the prostate]]. | |||
*[[Prostatic stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
Mimic benign: | |||
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Atrophic prostate carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN. | |||
===Urinary bladder=== | ===Urinary bladder=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | *[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | ||
*Cystitis cystica. | *[[Cystitis cystica]]. | ||
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]]. | |||
Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
*Urothelial dysplasia. | *[[Urothelial dysplasia]]. | ||
* | *[[Urothelial carcinoma in situ]]. | ||
* | *[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
*Flat urothelial carcinoma. | *[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
*Flat [[urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*[[Malakoplakia]]. | *[[Malakoplakia]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Giant cell cystitis]]. | ||
===Urine - cytology=== | |||
Common: | |||
*Negative for malignancy. | |||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Polyomavirus]]. | |||
Uncommon: | |||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Testis=== | |||
Non-neoplastic: | |||
*[[Testicular abscess]]. | |||
*[[Testicular atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Testicular scar]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli cell nodule]] (Pick's adenoma). | |||
Pre-neoplastic: | |||
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | |||
Common tumours: | |||
*[[Seminoma]]. | |||
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Yolk sac tumour]]. | |||
*[[Teratoma]]. | |||
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]]. | |||
Less common tumours: | |||
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Spermatocytic tumour]]. | |||
*[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | |||
*[[Liposarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis]]. | |||
====Associated with testis==== | |||
*[[Spermatocele]]. | |||
*[[Hydrocele testis]]. | |||
*[[Vasitis nodosa]]. | |||
*[[Fibrous pseudotumour of the paratesticular region]]. | |||
Epididymis: | |||
*[[Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis]]. | |||
*[[Serous cystadenoma]] of the epididymis. | |||
==Gynecologic pathology== | ==Gynecologic pathology== | ||
Line 295: | Line 643: | ||
*[[Fibroids]]. | *[[Fibroids]]. | ||
*[[Adenomyosis]]. | *[[Adenomyosis]]. | ||
* | *[[Atrophic endometrium]]. | ||
*Uterine prolapse. | *[[Uterine prolapse]]. | ||
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | *[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | *[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Disordered proliferative endometrium]]. | |||
Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia]]. | |||
*[[Simple endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]]. | |||
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]]. | *[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | *[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Endometrioid. | **[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Mucinous. | **[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Serous. | **[[Serous endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*Decidua (change of pregnancy). | *Decidua (change of pregnancy). | ||
*[[Arias-Stella reaction]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Clear cell carcinoma. | *[[Clear cell endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | *[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometrial stromal sarcoma]]. | |||
===Cervix - cytology=== | ===Cervix - cytology=== | ||
{{Main|Gynecologic cytopathology}} | |||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Candida. | *Candida. | ||
*Endometrial cells. | *Endometrial cells >40 years. | ||
Benign not typically reported: | |||
*Atrophy. | *Atrophy. | ||
*Reactive changes. | |||
*Squamous metaplasia. | |||
*Tubal metaplasia. | |||
*Endometrial cells <40 years. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[HSV]] changes. | |||
*Trichomonas. | |||
*[[Bacterial vaginosis]]. | |||
*[[Actinomycetes]]. | |||
Waffle diagnoses: | |||
*[[Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion]] (ASC-H). | |||
*[[Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance]] (ASC-US). | |||
*[[Atypical glandular cells]] (AGC). | |||
Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
Line 327: | Line 699: | ||
*[[HSIL]]. | *[[HSIL]]. | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*Adenocarcinoma. | *Adenocarcinoma in situ. | ||
**Endocervical. | |||
**Endometrial. | |||
* | **Other. | ||
* | |||
===Ovary=== | ===Ovary=== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Serous cystadenoma. | *[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*Mucinous cystadenoma. | *[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*[[Mature teratoma]]. | *[[Mature teratoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometriosis]]. | *[[Endometriosis]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*Endometrioid carcinoma. | *[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary]]. | ||
*[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | *[[Mucinous ovarian carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[Dysgerminoma]]. | *[[Dysgerminoma]]. | ||
*[[Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary]]. | |||
*[[Choriocarcinoma]]. | |||
Other tumours: | |||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Adult granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile granulosa cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Thecoma]]. | |||
*[[Sex cord tumour with annular tubules]]. | |||
*[[Ovarian fibroma]]. | |||
*[[Brenner tumour]]. | |||
===Fallopian tube=== | ===Fallopian tube=== | ||
Line 357: | Line 740: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
Line 369: | Line 752: | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | ||
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | *[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
Line 379: | Line 763: | ||
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]. | *[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Warthin tumour]]. | *[[Warthin tumour]]. | ||
*[[Basal cell adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Oncocytoma of the salivary gland]]. | |||
*[[Canalicular adenoma]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
Line 392: | Line 779: | ||
Uncommon malignant: | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma | *[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''. | ||
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | *[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | *[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland]] (mammary analogue secretory carcinoma). | |||
*[[Human papillomavirus-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma]] (HPV-related carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features). | |||
==Lymph node== | ==Lymph node== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal/resting. | *Normal/resting. | ||
* | *[[Reactive follicular hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[Sinus histiocytosis]]. | |||
*[[Hyalinized lymph node]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Metastasis, esp. carcinoma. | *[[Lymph node metastasis|Metastasis]], esp. [[carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | *[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]/[[Small cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. | *[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | *[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | *[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | ||
*[[Lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Marginal zone lymphoma]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Castleman disease]]. | |||
*[[Progressive transformation of germinal centers]]. | |||
*[[Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy]]. | |||
*[[Sarcoidosis]]. | |||
*[[Tuberculosis]]. | |||
*[[Cat-scratch disease]]. | |||
*[[Rosai-Dorfman disease]]. | |||
*[[Kimura disease]]. | |||
*[[Toxoplasmosis]]. | |||
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]]. | |||
==Neuropathology== | |||
===Brain=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Epidural hemorrhage]]. | |||
*[[Subdural hemorrhage]]. | |||
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]. | |||
*[[Intracerebral hemorrhage]]. | |||
*[[Duret hemorrhage]]. | |||
*[[Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]]. | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Colloid cyst]]. | |||
*[[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]]. | |||
Pediatric - tumour: | |||
*[[Pilocytic astrocytoma]]. | |||
*[[Neuroblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Retinoblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Ependymoma]]. | |||
Adult - tumour: | |||
*[[Meningioma]]. | |||
*[[Schwannoma]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse astrocytoma]]. | |||
*[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]]. | |||
*[[Glioblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Myxopapillary ependymoma]]. | |||
*[[Pituitary adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma]]. | |||
*[[Papillary craniopharyngioma]]. | |||
*[[Oligodendroglioma]]. | |||
*[[Brain metastasis]]. | |||
===Neurodegenerative=== | |||
*[[Alzheimer disease]]. | |||
*[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]. | |||
*[[Parkinson disease]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Dementia with Lewy bodies]]. | |||
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]. | |||
*[[Chronic traumatic encephalopathy]]. | |||
*[[Huntington disease]]. | |||
===Muscle=== | |||
*[[Dermatomyositis]]. | |||
*[[Polymyositis]]. | |||
*[[Muscular dystrophy]]. | |||
*[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Inclusion body myositis]]. | |||
*[[Drug-induced rhabdomyolysis]]. | |||
==Pulmonary pathology== | ==Pulmonary pathology== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Acute [[bronchopneumonia]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse alveolar damage]] - acute phase, organizing phase, resolution. | |||
*[[Emphysema]] - centrilobular, panlobular. | |||
*[[Asthma]]. | |||
*[[Aspiration pneumonia]]. | |||
*[[Pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Adenocarcinoma]]. | *[[Lung adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Squamous carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[Small cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Small cell carcinoma of the lung]]. | ||
*[[Lung metastasis]]. | |||
Uncommon - | Uncommon - granulomatous: | ||
*[[Tuberculosis]]. | *[[Tuberculosis]]. | ||
*[[Sarcoidosis]]. | *[[Sarcoidosis]]. | ||
*[[ | *Fungal infections (e.g. [[aspergillosis]]). | ||
Uncommon - benign other: | |||
*[[Carcinoid tumourlet]]. | |||
*[[Typical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Atypical lung carcinoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | *[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | ||
*[[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis]]. | |||
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | |||
*[[Bronchogenic cyst]]. | |||
*[[Congenital pulmonary airway malformation]] (CPAM). | |||
*[[Extralobar sequestration]]. | |||
*[[Intralobar sequestration]]. | |||
*[[Asbestosis]]. | |||
*[[Silicosis]]. | |||
*Coal worker's pneumonconiosis. | |||
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]. | |||
*[[Goodpasture disease]]. | |||
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]. | |||
*Radiation pneumonitis. | |||
*Drug toxicity, e.g. amiodarone, bleomycin. | |||
*Infectious - [[blastomycosis]], [[cryptococcosis]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[pneumocystis pneumonia]]. | |||
Uncommon - vascular: | |||
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]. | |||
*[[Vasculitides]] - see ''cardiovascular'' section. | |||
Uncommon - [[diffuse lung diseases|idiopathic interstitial pneumonias]]: | |||
*[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]] (UIP). | |||
*[[Non-specific interstitial pneumonia]] (NSIP). | |||
*[[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]] (LIP). | |||
*[[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]] (BOOP). | |||
*[[Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease]] (RB-ILD). | |||
*[[Desquamative interstitial pneumonia]] (DIP). | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*[[ | *[[Malignant mesothelioma]]. | ||
==Spleen== | ==Spleen== | ||
Line 432: | Line 933: | ||
*Trauma. | *Trauma. | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]]. | *Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]] or other causes of [[portal hypertension]]. | ||
*[[Mononucleosis]]. | |||
Malignant: | Benign - rare: | ||
*[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]]. | |||
Malignant - common: | |||
*[[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
Malignant - others: | |||
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | *[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | ||
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]. | |||
==Placenta== | |||
*Normal. | |||
*[[Chorioamnionitis]]. | |||
**[[Funisitis]]. | |||
*[[Meconium]]. | |||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*[[Placental infarction]]. | |||
Less common: | |||
*[[TORCH infections]]. | |||
*[[Chorangioma]]. | |||
*[[Chorangiosis]]. | |||
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]]. | |||
*[[Chronic intervillitis]]. | |||
*[[Two vessel umbilical cord]]. | |||
*[[Maternal floor infarction]]. | |||
*[[Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy]]. | |||
*[[Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy]]. | |||
=Pathologic characteristics= | =Pathologic characteristics= | ||
Line 441: | Line 971: | ||
*[[Salivary gland]] tumours. | *[[Salivary gland]] tumours. | ||
*[[Breast]] tumours. | *[[Breast]] tumours. | ||
==Nodule-forming lymphoma== | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Small cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Mantle cell lymphoma]]. | |||
==Nuclear features== | ==Nuclear features== | ||
Line 454: | Line 991: | ||
===Eosinophilic cytoplasm=== | ===Eosinophilic cytoplasm=== | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*Oncocytoma/ | *[[Oncocytoma]]/oncocytic tumours. | ||
*Apocrine tumours. | *Apocrine tumours. | ||
*[[Anaplastic large cell lymphoma]]. | |||
===Clear cytoplasm=== | ===Clear cytoplasm=== | ||
Line 467: | Line 1,005: | ||
*[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]. | *[[Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Medullary breast carcinoma]]. | *[[Medullary breast carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Thymoma]]. | |||
*[[Lymphoma]] - [[Hodgkin lymphoma|Hodgkin]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkin]]. | |||
*[[Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma]]. | |||
===Giant cells=== | ===Giant cells=== | ||
Line 472: | Line 1,013: | ||
===Many eosinophils=== | ===Many eosinophils=== | ||
*Infection. | *Infection - esp. fungal. | ||
*[[Drug reaction]]. | |||
*[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]]. | *[[Inflammatory fibroid polyp]]. | ||
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | *[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | ||
Line 481: | Line 1,023: | ||
Site specific: | Site specific: | ||
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | *[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | ||
*[[Eosinophilic gastritis]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic colitis]]. | |||
*[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | *[[Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]. | ||
*[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin. | *[[Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]] (ALHE) - skin. | ||
===Red blood cell extravasation=== | |||
*Hemorrhage. | |||
*[[Vasculitis]]. | |||
*[[Nodular fasciitis]]. | |||
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]]. | |||
*[[Kaposi sarcoma]]. | |||
==Structures== | ==Structures== | ||
Line 508: | Line 1,059: | ||
{{Main|Spindle cell lesions}} | {{Main|Spindle cell lesions}} | ||
==== | ====Spindle cell lesions in neuropathology==== | ||
*[[Schwannoma]]. | *[[Schwannoma]]. | ||
*[[Gliosarcoma]]. | *[[Gliosarcoma]]. | ||
==Frustration list== | ==Frustration lists== | ||
The following are diagnoses to think about if the answer isn't apparent. | |||
===General frustration list=== | |||
If the pathology isn't apparent... | If the pathology isn't apparent... | ||
*[[ | *[[Neurofibroma]]. | ||
*[[Amyloidosis]]. | *[[Amyloidosis]]. | ||
*[[Granular cell tumour]]. | *[[Granular cell tumour]]. | ||
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]]. | |||
*[[Angiosarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]. | *[[Pheochromocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | *[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | ||
Memory device: ''NAGAAPP''. | |||
===CNS frustration list=== | |||
*[[Meningioma]]. | *[[Meningioma]]. | ||
Head & neck | ===Head & neck frustration list=== | ||
*[[Myoepithelioma]]. | *[[Myoepithelioma]]. | ||
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Colonic biopsies frustration list=== | |||
*[[CMV colitis]]. | |||
*[[Cryptosporidiosis]]. | |||
*[[Intestinal spirochetosis]]. | |||
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]. | |||
*[[Collagenous colitis]]. | |||
=See also= | =See also= |
edits