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Difference between revisions of "Colorectal tumours"
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more on types
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*Stage IIIC - Tx N2. | *Stage IIIC - Tx N2. | ||
*Stage IV - Tx Nx M1. | *Stage IV - Tx Nx M1. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | |||
Colorectal carcinoma is thought to arise from one of two pathways:<ref name=pmid16483003>PMID: 16483003</ref><ref name=pmid18314605>PMID: 18314605</ref> | |||
#APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene mutation pathway, [[AKA]] classic adenoma-carcinoma pathway. | |||
#Serrated pathway, AKA mutator pathway, mismatch repair pathway. | |||
#*Associated with microsatellite instability (MSI). | |||
#*Common associated gene mutations:<ref>URL: [http://www.hpcgg.org/LMM/comment/HNPCC_info.jsp http://www.hpcgg.org/LMM/comment/HNPCC_info.jsp]. Accessed on: 24 July 2010.</ref> | |||
#*#MLH1. | |||
#*#MSH2. | |||
#*#MSH6. | |||
MSI cancers:<ref name=pmid20420947>PMID: 20420947</ref> | |||
*Location: left-sided predominance. | |||
*Prognosis: slightly better than other CRC without MSI. | |||
*Treatment implication: different response to chemotherapy. | |||
*Histomorphologic features: | |||
**Lymphocytic infiltrate. | |||
**Poorly differentiated ''mucinous'' or ''signet ring'' morphology. | |||
===MSI classification=== | |||
MSI associated cancers can be classified into:<ref name=pmid16106253>PMID: 16106253</ref> | |||
*MSI-H. | |||
*MSI-L. | |||
===Syndromes=== | |||
*''Lynch syndrome'' AKA ''hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome'' (HNPCC). | |||
*''Familial polyposis coli'' (FPC). | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||