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The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens. | The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens. This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site. It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded ''[[long power list]]''. | ||
=Bone= | |||
==General== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Aneurysmal bone cyst]]. | |||
*[[Osteoid osteoma]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*Metastatic carcinoma. | |||
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]]. | |||
*[[Osteosarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]. | |||
==Femoral head== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Osteoarthritis]]. | |||
*[[Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]]. | |||
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign (fracture): | |||
*Trauma. | |||
*[[Osteoporosis]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign pediatric: | |||
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE). | |||
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant (fracture): | |||
*[[Pathologic fracture|Metastasis]]. | |||
=Breast pathology= | =Breast pathology= | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *Normal. | ||
**[[Lactational change]]. | |||
*[[Fibrocystic change]]. | |||
*[[Fibroadenoma]]. | *[[Fibroadenoma]]. | ||
*[[Columnar cell change]]. | *[[Columnar cell change]]. | ||
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
Line 12: | Line 43: | ||
*[[LCIS]]. | *[[LCIS]]. | ||
*[[Ductal carcinoma]]. | *[[Ductal carcinoma]]. | ||
* | *[[Invasive lobular carcinoma]]. | ||
*Tubular carcinoma. | *[[Tubular carcinoma of the breast]]. | ||
Uncommon benign/malignant: | Uncommon benign/malignant: | ||
Line 46: | Line 77: | ||
Uncommon: | Uncommon: | ||
*[[Myxomatous degeneration]]. | *[[Myxomatous degeneration]]. | ||
*[[Infective endocarditis]]. | |||
==Heart== | ==Heart== | ||
*[[Myocardial infarction]]. | |||
*[[Atrial myxoma]]. | *[[Atrial myxoma]]. | ||
Uncommon: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
*Lipoma. | *Lipoma. | ||
*[[Rhabdomyoma]]. | *[[Rhabdomyoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]]. | *[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiosarcoma]]. | |||
= | =Dermatopathology= | ||
Benign - non-melanocytic: | |||
Benign: | *[[Epidermal inclusion cyst]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Lipoma]]. | ||
* | *[[Dermatofibroma]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Dermal scar]]. | ||
* | |||
Benign melanocytic lesions: | |||
*[[ | *[[Intradermal nevus]]. | ||
* | *[[Junctional nevus]]. | ||
*[[Congenital nevus]]. | |||
*[[Clark nevus]]. | |||
*[[Spitz nevus]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
* | *[[BCC]]. | ||
*[[SCC]]. | |||
*[[Malignant melanoma]]. | |||
*[[DFSP]]. | |||
== | =Endocrine pathology= | ||
==Thyroid gland== | |||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[ | *[[Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]]. | ||
*[[ | *[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP). | ||
Malignant: | |||
* | *[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]] (NOS). | ||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
* | *[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant]]. | ||
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant]]. | |||
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]]. | |||
==Adrenal gland== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Adrenal cortical adenoma]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]. | |||
=Gastrointestinal pathology= | |||
==Gastrointestinal polyp== | ==Gastrointestinal polyp== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
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Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Tubular adenoma]]. | *[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Villous adenoma]]. | *[[Villous adenoma]]. | ||
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | *[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | ||
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Uncommon - pre-malignant: | Uncommon - pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]]. | *[[Traditional serrated adenoma]]. | ||
==Esophagus== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]. | |||
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]. | |||
*[[Barrett esophagus]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Herpes esophagitis]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*Squamous cell carcinoma. | |||
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
==Stomach== | ==Stomach== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis. | *[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]]. | ||
*Intestinal metaplasia. | *[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]]. | ||
*[[Chronic gastritis]]. | *[[Chronic gastritis]]. | ||
*[[Acute gastritis]]. | *[[Acute gastritis]]. | ||
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Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type. | *Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type. | ||
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma. | *[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[GIST]]. | *[[GIST]]. | ||
*[[MALT lymphoma]]. | |||
==Duodenum== | ==Duodenum== | ||
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Pre-malignant: | Pre-malignant: | ||
*[[Tubular adenoma]]. | *[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
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*[[Giardiasis]]. | *[[Giardiasis]]. | ||
*[[Whipple disease]]. | *[[Whipple disease]]. | ||
*MAI infection. | *[[MAI]] infection. | ||
==Colon/rectum== | |||
Benign: | |||
*Normal. | |||
*Colitis. e.g. [[IBD]]. | |||
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]]. | |||
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Villous adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Sessile serrated adenoma]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon infectious: | |||
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]. | |||
Benign - uncommon: | |||
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]]. | |||
*[[Collagenous colitis]]. | |||
*[[Inflammatory polyp]]. | |||
*[[Juvenile polyp]]. | |||
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]]. | |||
Tumour: | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]]. | |||
*[[Schwannoma]]. | |||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
===Appendix=== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Appendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Periappendicitis]]. | |||
*[[Crohn's disease]]. | |||
*[[Negative appendectomy|Normal]]. | |||
Neoplasm: | |||
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]]. | |||
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN). | |||
Malignant: | |||
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma. | |||
==Liver== | ==Liver== | ||
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*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | *[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]. | ||
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]]. | *[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]]. | ||
*[[Primary biliary | *[[Primary biliary cholangitis]]. | ||
*[[Wilson's disease]]. | *[[Wilson's disease]]. | ||
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | *[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]. | ||
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Uncommon malignant: | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]]. | ||
==Gallbladder== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Cholelithiasis]]. | |||
*[[Cholesterolosis]]. | |||
*[[Acute cholecystitis]]. | |||
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]]. | |||
Uncommon - risk for dysplasia: | |||
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Gallbladder adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]]. | |||
=Genitourinary pathology= | =Genitourinary pathology= | ||
==Tumour kidney== | ==Tumour kidney== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *[[Normal kidney]]. | ||
*[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | *[[Renal oncocytoma]]. | ||
*[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | *[[Angiomyolipoma]]. | ||
* | *[[Renal papillary adenoma]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
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*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | |||
Uncommon - benign: | Uncommon - benign: | ||
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==Prostate gland== | ==Prostate gland== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Normal. | *[[Normal prostate gland|Normal]]. | ||
*Chronic inflammation. | *Chronic inflammation. | ||
*Acute inflammation. | *Acute inflammation. | ||
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] ( | *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostatectomy diagnosis only). | ||
Pre-malignant: | |||
*[[High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Acinar adenocarcinoma. | *[[Prostate carcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Ductal adenocarcinoma. | *[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate|Ductal adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
*Urothelial carcinoma. | *[[Urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate. | |||
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate. | |||
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN. | |||
==Urinary bladder== | ==Urinary bladder== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | *[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]]. | ||
*Cystitis cystica. | *[[Cystitis cystica]]. | ||
Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
*Urothelial dysplasia. | *Urothelial dysplasia. | ||
* | *[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
* | *[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]]. | ||
*Flat urothelial carcinoma. | *Flat urothelial carcinoma. | ||
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*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]]. | *[[Nephrogenic adenoma]]. | ||
= | ==Testis== | ||
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia). | |||
*[[ | *[[Seminoma]]. | ||
* | *[[Embryonal carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Yolk sac tumour]]. | |||
*[[Teratoma]]. | |||
*[[ | *[[Mixed germ cell tumour]]. | ||
*[[Leydig cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]]. | |||
*[[ | |||
*[[ | |||
=Gynecologic pathology= | =Gynecologic pathology= | ||
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*[[Adenomyosis]]. | *[[Adenomyosis]]. | ||
*Atrophy. | *Atrophy. | ||
* | *[[Uterine prolapse]]. | ||
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | *[[Proliferative phase endometrium]]. | ||
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | *[[Secretory phase endometrium]]. | ||
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Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | *[[Endometrial carcinoma]]. | ||
**Endometrioid. | **[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma|Endometrioid]]. | ||
**Mucinous. | **[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma|Mucinous]]. | ||
**Serous. | **[[Serous endometrial carcinoma|Serous]]. | ||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*Decidua (change of [[pregnancy]]). | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | Uncommon - malignant: | ||
*Clear cell carcinoma. | *[[Clear cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[Uterine | *[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]]. | ||
==Cervix - cytology== | ==Cervix - cytology== | ||
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Pre-malignant/malignant: | Pre-malignant/malignant: | ||
*LSIL. | *[[LSIL]]. | ||
*HSIL. | *[[HSIL]]. | ||
*Squamous cell carcinoma. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | ||
*Adenocarcinoma. | *Adenocarcinoma. | ||
Line 254: | Line 385: | ||
==Ovary== | ==Ovary== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*Serous cystadenoma. | *[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary|Serous cystadenoma]]. | ||
*Mucinous cystadenoma. | *[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary|Mucinous cystadenoma]]. | ||
*Mature teratoma. | *[[Mature teratoma]]. | ||
*[[Endometriosis]]. | *[[Endometriosis]]. | ||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*Serous carcinoma. | *[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary|Serous carcinoma]]. | ||
*Endometrioid carcinoma. | *[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary|Endometrioid carcinoma]]. | ||
*Mucinous carcinoma. | *[[Ovarian mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]]. | ||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Dysgerminoma]]. | |||
= | ==Fallopian tube== | ||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
* | *[[Paratubal cyst]]. | ||
* | *Tubo-ovarian abscess. | ||
*[[Salpingitis]]. | |||
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]]. | |||
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]]. | |||
Pre-malignant: | |||
*[[Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma]] (STIC). | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Serous carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[ | |||
Uncommon - benign: | |||
*[[Salpingitis isthmica nodosa]]. | |||
*[[ | |||
=Head and neck= | =Head and neck= | ||
==General== | |||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[Sinonasal papilloma]]. | *[[Sinonasal papilloma]]. | ||
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Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]. | *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | ||
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | *[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]]. | ||
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]]. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Paraganglioma]] (carotid body tumour). | |||
==Salivary gland== | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Warthin tumour]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Adenoid cystic carcinoma]]. | |||
Uncommon benign: | |||
*[[Benign lymphoepithelial cyst]]. | |||
*[[Basal cell adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Canalicular adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Oncocytoma]]. | |||
= | Uncommon malignant: | ||
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''. | |||
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]]. | |||
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]]. | |||
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]]. | |||
=Lymph node= | |||
Benign: | Benign: | ||
*[[ | *Normal/resting. | ||
*Follicular hyperplasia. | |||
*[[Lymph node hyalinization]]. | |||
Malignant: | Malignant: | ||
*[[ | *[[Lymph node metastasis]], esp. carcinoma. | ||
*[[ | *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]. | ||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[MALT lymphoma]]. | |||
=Pulmonary pathology= | =Pulmonary pathology= | ||
Line 306: | Line 479: | ||
*[[Sarcoidosis]]. | *[[Sarcoidosis]]. | ||
*[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]]. | *[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]]. | ||
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural. | |||
Uncommon - malignant: | |||
*[[Mesothelioma]]. | |||
=Soft tissue= | |||
Benign: | |||
*[[Lipoma]]. | |||
*[[Hemangioma]]. | |||
*[[Neurofibroma]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Liposarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]]. | |||
*[[Chondrosarcoma]]. | |||
=Spleen= | |||
Benign: | |||
*Trauma. | |||
**[[Splenic laceration]]. | |||
*Normal. | |||
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]]. | |||
Malignant: | |||
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Follicular lymphoma]]. | |||
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | |||
=Placenta= | |||
*Normal. | |||
*[[Chorioamnionitis]]. | |||
**[[Funisitis]]. | |||
*[[Meconium]]. | |||
*[[Placentomegaly]]. | |||
*[[Placental infarction]]. | |||
Less common: | |||
*[[TORCH infections]]. | |||
*[[Chorangioma]]. | |||
*[[Chorangiosis]]. | |||
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]]. | |||
=Brain= | |||
*Normal | |||
*[[Neuropathology#Reactive_change_vs._malignancy|Reactive changes]]. | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]. | |||
*[[Neuropathology#Encephalitis|Encephalitis]]. | |||
*[[Neurodegenerative_diseases|Neurodegeneration]]. | |||
*[[Neuropathology_tumours|Neoplastic]]. | |||
=See also= | =See also= | ||
*[[Diagnosis]]. | *[[Diagnosis]]. | ||
*[[Long power list]]. | |||
[[Category:Basics]] | [[Category:Basics]] |
edits