Difference between revisions of "Pulmonary embolism"

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Pulmonary embolism (view source)

Revision as of 16:46, 8 December 2011

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→‎Risks factors (VTE): more
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==Risks factors (VTE)==
==Risks factors (VTE)==
*Trauma.
A general mnemonic for hypercoagulable states ''PIANO'':<ref>URL: [http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/252-causes-hypercoagulable-states.html
*Immobility.
http://www.usmle-forums.com/usmle-step-1-mnemonics/252-causes-hypercoagulable-states.html
*Pregnancy.
]. Accessed on: 8 December 2011.</ref>
*Medications (e.g. OCPs).
*'''P'''regnancy.
*Hypercoagulable states (memory device ''CALM SHAPES''):<ref name=pmid11700155>{{cite journal |author=Thomas RH |title=Hypercoagulability syndromes |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=161 |issue=20 |pages=2433–9 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11700155 |doi= |url=http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433}}</ref>
*'''I'''mmobility.
**Protein C deficiency.
*'''A'''ccidental injury.
**[[Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]] (APLA).
*'''N'''ephrotic syndrome.
**Leiden factor V deficiency.
*'''O'''ral contraceptive pills.
**Malignancy.
 
**Protein S deficiency.
Hypercoagulable states due to intrinsic causes (memory device ''CALM SHAPES''):<ref name=pmid11700155>{{cite journal |author=Thomas RH |title=Hypercoagulability syndromes |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=161 |issue=20 |pages=2433–9 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11700155 |doi= |url=http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433}}</ref>
**Homocystinemia.
*Protein '''C''' deficiency.
**Antithrombin III deficiency.
*[[Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome|'''A'''ntiphospholipid antibody syndrome]] (APLA).
**Prothrombin G20210A.<ref name=omim176930>{{OMIM|176930}}</ref>
*'''L'''eiden factor V deficiency.
**Excess factor VIII.  
*'''M'''alignancy.
**Sticky platelet syndrome.
*Protein '''S''' deficiency.
*'''H'''omocystinemia.
*'''A'''ntithrombin III deficiency.
*'''P'''rothrombin G20210A.<ref name=omim176930>{{OMIM|176930}}</ref>
*'''E'''xcess factor VIII.  
*'''S'''ticky platelet syndrome.


==Gross (VTE)==
==Gross (VTE)==
Michael
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