Nephrolithiasis
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Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. Bladder stones redirects here.
Classic types
- Calcium oxalate - most common.[1]
- Uric acid.
- Struvite.
- Cystine.
Notes:
- Memory devices:
- Diamonds are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
- Calcium oxalate = envelope, uric acid = diamond.
- Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in formalin... but do not dissolve in alcohol.[2]
- Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of ethylene glycol poisoning.[3]
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Compatible with bladder stone
URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY: - TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT. - NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED. - NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY. COMMENT: The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.
Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal: - Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only).
See also
References
- ↑ López, M.; Hoppe, B. (Jan 2010). "History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis.". Pediatr Nephrol 25 (1): 49-59. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. PMID 21476230.
- ↑ Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.
- ↑ Saukko, Pekka; Knight, Bernard (2004). Knight's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 589. ISBN 978-0340760444.
- ↑ URL: http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.